Difference between revisions of "OverallMindMaps"
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Classical '''biological divisions''' are: | Classical '''biological divisions''' are: | ||
+ | * anatomically is divided into | ||
** '''central nervous system''' (CNS) | ** '''central nervous system''' (CNS) | ||
*** brain | *** brain |
Revision as of 10:34, 16 June 2015
Mind Maps
Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> OverallMindMaps
Contents
Classical Divisions
Classical biological divisions are:
- anatomically is divided into
- central nervous system (CNS)
- brain
- spinal cord
- peripheral nervous system (PNS) - convey neural messages from sense organs and sensory receptors to CNS and from CNS to muscles and glands
- cranial nerves - nerves emerging from brain
- spinal nerves - nerves emerging from spinal cord
- central nervous system (CNS)
- functionally is divided into
- somatic nervous system
- conveying and processing conscious and unconscious sensory (afferent) information, vision, pain, touch, unconscious muscle sense from head, body wall, and extremities to CNS
- motor (efferent) control of voluntary (striated) muscles
- autonomic (visceral) nervous system
- conveying and processing sensory input from visceral organs
- motor control of involuntary (smooth) and cardiac musculature, and of glands of viscera
- somatic nervous system
Brain Development and Embryo Vesicles
See full process at:
In the embryon CNS/brain is represented by 5 vesicles:
- forebrain = prosencephalon
- telencephalon
- diencephalon
- midbrain = mesencephalon
- hindbrain = rhombencephalon
- metencephalon
- myelencephalon
After further development vesicles are transformed to below brain structures:
- cerebrum
- telencephalon (FT=Forebrain Telencephalon) -> cerebral hemispheres
- cerebral cortex (gray matter)
- anterior cortex
- frontal lobe
- posterior cortex
- parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
- temporal lobe
- central lobe (insula),
- limbic lobe
- anterior cortex
- underlying white matter
- basal ganglia
- corpus striatum (gray matter)
- caudate nucleus
- lenticular nucleus
- putamen
- globus pallidus (pallidum)
- corpus striatum (gray matter)
- corpus callosum (required for left/right cooperation/coordination, not a source of intelligence)
- anterior commissure (required for left/right cooperation/coordination, not a source of intelligence)
- hippocampal formation
- amygdala
- cerebral cortex (gray matter)
- diencephalon (FD=Forebrain Diencephalon) -> diencephalon
- epithalamus
- pineal gland (modified photoreceptor cells, day/night cycle, respond to circadian differences in sympathetic nervous system activity, critical trigger for hibernation and sexual maturation)
- habenular nuclei (pathway by which limbic structures may influence brain stem/reticular formation function)
- thalamus (dorsal thalamus)
- hypothalamus
- mamillary bodies
- hypophysis (pituitary gland)
- ventral thalamus (subthalamus)
- epithalamus
- telencephalon (FT=Forebrain Telencephalon) -> cerebral hemispheres
- brainstem
- mesencephalon (MM=Midbrain Mesencephalon) -> midbrain
- metencephalon (HP=Hindbrain Pons, including cerebellum) -> pons
- myelencephalon (HM=Hindbrain Medulla) -> medulla
- cerebellum
- metencephalon (HP=Hindbrain Pons, including cerebellum) -> cerebellum
Adult Sources of Neurons:
- Subgranular Zone
- Subventricular Zone = NL:[[1]]
Target
(generated)
- Human Sensors (aHumanSensors) -> BrainAreaTSA
- Eye (TARGET.TSA.EYE, unknown)
- Eye sensory data (eye-sensory)
- Eye - rods and cones (eye-edge-output)
- Eye - somatic receptors (eye-somatic)
- Eye - visceral receptors (eye-visceral)
- Eye rotation motor muscles (eye-rotation-motor)
- Eye - inferior oblique muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-inferior-oblique)
- Eye - inferior rectus muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-inferior-rectus)
- Eye - medial rectus muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-medial-rectus)
- Eye - superior rectus muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-superior-rectus)
- Eye - levator palpebrae superioris muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-levator-palpebrae)
- Eye - superior oblique muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-minor)
- Eye - lateral rectus muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-vestibular)
- Eye pupil and accomodation motor muscles (eye-pupil-motor)
- Eye - ciliary muscle - sympathetic (eye-muscle-curvature-sympathetic)
- Eye - ciliary muscle - parasympathetic (eye-muscle-curvature-parasympathetic)
- Eye - iris sphincter muscle (eye-muscle-pupil-close)
- Eye - iris dilator muscle (eye-muscle-pupil-open)
- Eyelid motor muscles (eyelid-motor)
- Eye - orbicularis oculi muscle:temporal (eye-muscle-close-conscious-orbital)
- Eye - orbicularis oculi muscle:zygomatic (eye-muscle-close-conscious-lacrimal)
- Eye - orbicularis oculi muscle:palpebrale (eye-muscle-close-involuntary-palpebrale)
- Eye - superior tarsal muscle (eye-muscle-superior-tarsal)
- Eye - inferior tarsal muscle (eye-muscle-inferior-tarsal)
- Eye - orbitalis muscle (eye-orbitalis-muscle)
- Eye glands (eye-glands)
- Eye - lacrimal gland (eye-tears-gland)
- Eye - lacrimal gland and conjunctiva receptors (eye-lacrimal-gland-conjunctiva-receptors)
- Eye sensory data (eye-sensory)
- Ear (TARGET.TSA.EAR, unknown)
- Ear sound sensory data (ear-sensory-sound-data)
- Ear - inner hair cells (ear-inner-hair-cells)
- Ear - outer hair cells feedback (ear-outer-hair-cells-feedback)
- Ear - somatic receptors (ear-somatic)
- Ear - outer ear skin (ear-external-skin)
- Ear - acoustic meatus skin (ear-acoustic-meatus-skin)
- Ear - visceral receptors (ear-visceral)
- Ear - timpanic cavity (ear-timpanic-cavity)
- Ear vestibular sensory data (ear-sensory-vestibular-data)
- Ear - semicircular canals, cristae (ear-semicircular-canals)
- Ear - utricle, maculae (ear-utricle)
- Ear - saccule, maculae (ear-saccule)
- Ear sound sensory control (ear-sensory-control)
- Ear - outer hair cells (ear-outer-hair-cells)
- Ear - stapedius muscle (ear-stapedius)
- Ear - tympanic membrane muscle (ear-tensor-tympani-muscle)
- Ear move muscles (ear-move)
- Ear - anterior auricular muscle (ear-anterior-auricular-muscle)
- Ear - posterior auricular muscle (ear-posterior-auricular-muscle)
- Ear - superior auricular muscle (ear-superior-auricular-muscle)
- Ear - oblique muscle of auricle (ear-oblique-auricular-muscle)
- Ear - temporoparietalis muscle (ear-temporoparietalis-muscle)
- Ear sound sensory data (ear-sensory-sound-data)
- Nose (TARGET.TSA.NOSE, unknown)
- Nose sensory data (nose-sensory-data)
- Nose - volatile (nose-volatile)
- Nose - nonvolatile (nose-nonvolatile)
- Nose - proprioceptors (nose-proprioceptors)
- Nose - touch receptors (nose-somatic)
- Nose - visceral nodose receptors (nose-visceral-vagus)
- Nose - visceral pharynx receptors (nose-visceral-pharynx)
- Ear sensory control (nose-sensory-control)
- Nose - nasal glands (nose-nasal-glands)
- Nose move muscles (nose-muscles)
- Nose - depressor septi nasi muscle (nose-depressor-septi-nasi)
- Nose - levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle (nose-levator-labii-superioris-alaeque-nasi)
- Nose - nasalis muscle (nose-nasalis)
- Nose - salpingopharyngeus muscle (nose-salpingopharyngeus)
- Nose sensory data (nose-sensory-data)
- Eye (TARGET.TSA.EYE, unknown)
- Human Effectors (aHumanEffectors) -> BrainAreaTEA
- Heart (TARGET.TEA.HEART, unknown)
- Heart - NE receptors of atrium muscles (heart-symp-control)
- Heart - upper cardiac muscle (heart-cardiac-upper-muscle)
- Heart - lower cardiac muscle, middle (heart-cardiac-lower-muscle-middle)
- Heart - lower cardiac muscle, stellar (heart-cardiac-lower-muscle-stellar)
- Heart - ACh receptors of atrium muscles (heart-psymp-control)
- Heart - baroreceptors in aorta (heart-aorta-baroreceptors)
- Heart - baroreceptors in carotid artery (heart-carotid-baroreceptors)
- Heart - visceral receptors (heart-visceral)
- Immunity glands and meninges (TARGET.TEA.PROTECTOR, unknown)
- Protector sensory data (protector-sensory-data)
- Protector - cranial meninges (cranial-meninges)
- Protector - tentorium cerebelli dura mater visceral receptors (tentorium-cerebelli-dura-matter)
- Protector tonsils (protector-tonsils)
- Protector - palatine tonsil (palatine-tonsil)
- Protector - lingual tonsil (lingual-tonsil)
- Protector - pharyngeal tonsils (pharyngeal-tonsils)
- Protector mucous glands (protector-mucous-glands)
- Protector - hard palate mucous gland (hard-palate-mucosal-gland)
- Protector - soft palate mucous gland (soft-palate-mucosal-gland)
- Protector sensory data (protector-sensory-data)
- Mouth feeder (TARGET.TEA.FEEDER, unknown)
- Feeder salivatory glands (feeder-salivation)
- Feeder - parotid gland (parotid-gland)
- Feeder - submandibular gland (submandibular-gland)
- Feeder - sublingual gland (sublingual-gland)
- Feeder taste sensation (mouth-taste-sensation)
- Feeder - tongue gustatory hair cell (tongue-hair-cell)
- Feeder - epiglottis (epiglottis-taste-buds)
- Feeder - soft palate sparse taste receptors (soft-palate-sparse-taste-receptors)
- Feeder tongue muscles (tongue-muscles)
- Feeder - genioglossus muscle (genioglossus-muscle)
- Feeder - hyoglossus muscle (hyoglossus-muscle)
- Feeder - styloglossus muscle (styloglossus-muscle)
- Feeder - chondroglossus muscle (chondroglossus-muscle)
- Feeder - palatoglossus muscle (palatoglossus-muscle)
- Feeder - transverse muscle of tongue (transverse-tongue-muscle)
- Feeder - vertical muscle of tongue (vertical-tongue-muscle)
- Feeder - inferior longitudinal muscle of tongue (tongue-inferior-longitudinal-muscle)
- Feeder - stylohyoid muscle (stylohyoid-muscle)
- Feeder - superior longitudinal muscle of tongue (superior-longitudinal-muscle-tongue)
- Feeder swallowing muscles and helper components (swallowing-muscles)
- Feeder - digastric muscle, facial (digastric-muscle-facial)
- Feeder - digastric muscle, trigeminal (digastric-muscle-trigeminal)
- Feeder - geniohyoid muscle (geniohyoid-muscle)
- Feeder - mylohyoid muscle (mylohyoid-muscle)
- Feeder - inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle (inferior-pharyngeal-constrictor-muscle)
- Feeder - middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle (middle-pharyngeal-constrictor-muscle)
- Feeder - superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle (superior-pharyngeal-constrictor-muscle)
- Feeder - uvula receptors (uvula-receptors)
- Feeder - musculus uvulae muscle (uvulae-muscle)
- Feeder - levator veli palatini muscle (levator-veli-palatini-muscle)
- Feeder - tensor veli palatini muscle (tensor-veli-palatini-muscle)
- Feeder - buccinator muscle (buccinator-muscle)
- Feeder chewing muscles (chewing-muscles)
- Feeder - teeth (teeth)
- Feeder - masseter muscle (masticatory-masseter-muscle)
- Feeder - lateral pterygoid muscle (masticatory-lateral-pterygoid-muscle)
- Feeder - medial pterygoid muscle (masticatory-medial-pterygoid-muscle)
- Feeder - temporal muscle (masticatory-temporal-muscle)
- Feeder - proprioception receptors of masticatory muscles (masticatory-unconscious-muscle-spindles)
- Feeder salivatory glands (feeder-salivation)
- Mouth speaker (TARGET.TEA.SPEAKER, unknown)
- Speaker sensory data (speaker-sensory-data)
- Speaker - palatine tonsil receptors (palatine-tonsil-receptors)
- Speaker phonatory muscles (speaker-phonatory-muscles)
- Speaker - lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (lateral-cricoarytenoid-muscle)
- Speaker - arytenoid muscle (arytenoid-muscle)
- Speaker - cricothyroid muscle (cricothyroid-muscle)
- Speaker - thyroarytenoid muscle (thyroarytenoid-muscle)
- Speaker - oblique arytenoid muscle (oblique-arytenoid-muscle)
- Speaker - posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (posterior-cricoarytenoid-muscle)
- Speaker - thyroepiglottic muscle (thyroepiglottic-muscle)
- Speaker - aryepiglottic muscle (aryepiglottic-muscle)
- Speaker respiratory larynx muscles (speaker-respiratory-muscles)
- Speaker - thyrohyoid muscle (larynx-thyrohyoid-muscle)
- Speaker - omohyoid muscle (omohyoid-muscle)
- Speaker - palatopharyngeus muscle (palatopharyngeus-muscle)
- Speaker - sternohyoid muscle (sternohyoid-muscle)
- Speaker - sternothyroid muscle (sternothyroid-muscle)
- Speaker - levator muscle of thyroid gland (thyroid-gland-levator-muscle)
- Speaker sensory data (speaker-sensory-data)
- Face (TARGET.TEA.FACE, unknown)
- Face sensory data (face-sensory-data)
- Face - face skin (face-skin)
- Face - parotid skin (face-parotid-skin)
- Face scalp muscles (face-scalp-muscles)
- Face - corrugator supercilii muscle (face-corrugator-supercilii-muscle)
- Face - depressor supercilii muscle (face-depressor-supercilii-muscle)
- Face - frontalis muscle (face-frontalis-muscle)
- Face - occipitalis muscle (face-occipitalis-muscle)
- Face upper lip muscles (face-upper-lip-muscles)
- Face - levator labii superioris muscle (face-levator-labii-superioris-muscle)
- Face - procerus muscle (face-procerus)
- Face - zygomaticus minor muscle (zygomaticus-minor-muscle)
- Face lower lip muscles (face-lower-lip-muscles)
- Face - platysma muscle (face-platysma-muscle)
- Face - depressor labii inferioris muscle (depressor-labii-inferioris-muscle)
- Face - risorius muscle (risorius-muscle)
- Face - mentalis muscle (mentalis-muscle)
- Face - transverse muscle of the chin (transverse-chin-muscle)
- Face surround and mouth corners muscles (face-surround-corner-muscles)
- Face - orbicularis oris muscle (orbicularis-oris-muscle)
- Face - zygomaticus major muscle, buccal (zygomaticus-major-muscle-buccal)
- Face - zygomaticus major muscle, proper (zygomaticus-major-muscle-proper)
- Face - levator anguli oris muscle (levator-anguli-oris-muscle)
- Face - depressor anguli oris muscle (depressor-anguli-oris-muscle)
- Face sensory data (face-sensory-data)
- Neck (TARGET.TEA.NECK, unknown)
- Neck sensory data (neck-sensory-data)
- Neck - cutaneous receptors of low neck (neck-low-cutaneous-receptors)
- Neck flexors (neck-flexors)
- Neck - scalenus anterior muscle (neck-scalenus-anterior)
- Neck - scalenus medius muscle (neck-scalenus-medius)
- Neck - scalenus posterior muscle (neck-scalenus-posterior)
- Neck - longus capitis muscle (neck-longus-capitis)
- Neck - longus colli muscle (neck-longus-colli)
- Neck - rectus capitis anterior muscle (neck-rectus-capitis-anterior)
- Neck - rectus capitis lateralis muscle (neck-rectus-capitis-lateralis)
- Neck - sternocleidomastoid muscle (neck-sternocleidomastoid)
- Neck extensors (neck-extensors)
- Neck - obliquus capitis inferior muscle (neck-obliquus-capitis-inferior-muscle)
- Neck - obliquus capitis superior muscle (neck-obliquus-capitis-superior-muscle)
- Neck - rectus capitis posterior major muscle (neck-rectus-capitis-posterior-major-muscle)
- Neck - rectus capitis posterior minor muscle (neck-rectus-capitis-posterior-minor-muscle)
- Neck - semispinalis capitis (neck-semispinalis-capitis)
- Neck - splenius capitis muscle (neck-splenius-capitis)
- Neck - splenius cervicis muscle (neck-splenius-cervicis)
- Neck sensory data (neck-sensory-data)
- Liver (TARGET.TEA.LIVER, unknown)
- Liver sensory data (liver-sensory-data)
- Liver - glucose and osmoreceptors (glucose-and-osmoreceptors)
- Liver - visceral receptors (visceral-receptors)
- Liver - abdominal alimentary tract glands (glands)
- Liver sensory data (liver-sensory-data)
- Stomach (TARGET.TEA.STOMACH, unknown)
- Stomach sensory data (stomach-sensory-data)
- Stomach - stomach nutrition sensor (stomach-nutrition-sensor)
- Stomach gastrointestinal tract (stomach-gastrointestinal-tract)
- Stomach - outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscles (stomach-wall)
- Stomach - mucosal gastric glands (stomach-mucosal-gastric-glands)
- Stomach - enzyme glands (stomach)
- Stomach - small intestine (small-intestine)
- Stomach - duodentum (duodentum)
- Stomach - colon (colon)
- Stomach extractors (stomach-extractors)
- Stomach - spleen (spleen)
- Stomach - kidney (kidney)
- Stomach sensory data (stomach-sensory-data)
- Lung (TARGET.TEA.LUNG, unknown)
- Lung sensory data (lung-sensory-data)
- Lung - pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (pulmonary-neuroepithelial-bodies)
- Lung - pericardium and pleura receptors (pericardium-pleura-receptors)
- Lung - pulmonary stretch receptors (pulmonary-stretch-receptors)
- Lung visceral activity (lung-visceral-activity)
- Lung - glands of trachea, lungs, and bronchi (visceral-glands)
- Lung - smooth muscles of trachea and bronchial tree (smooth-muscles)
- Lung breath muscles (lung-breath-muscles)
- Lung - thoracic diaphragm (thoracic-diaphragm)
- Lung - stylopharyngeus muscle (stylopharyngeus-muscle)
- Lung sensory data (lung-sensory-data)
- Hand (TARGET.TEA.HAND, unknown)
- Hand somatic sensory data (hand-somatic-sensory)
- Hand - hand somatic receptors (hand-somatic-receptors)
- Hand shoulder (hand-shoulder)
- Hand shoulder flexors (hand-shoulder-flexors)
- Hand - infraspinatus muscle (infraspinatus-muscle)
- Hand - supraspinatus muscle (supraspinatus-muscle)
- Hand - deltoid muscle, anterior (anterior-deltoid-muscle)
- Hand - coracobrachialis muscle (coracobrachialis-muscle)
- Hand - levator claviculae muscle (levator-claviculae-muscle)
- Hand - levator scapulae muscle, roots (levator-scapulae-muscle-roots)
- Hand - levator scapulae muscle, scapular (levator-scapulae-muscle-scapular)
- Hand - pectoralis major muscle (pectoralis-major-muscle)
- Hand - rhomboid major muscle (rhomboid-major-muscle)
- Hand - rhomboid minor muscle (rhomboid-minor-muscle)
- Hand - serratus anterior muscle (serratus-anterior-muscle)
- Hand - sternalis muscle (sternalis-muscle)
- Hand shoulder extensors (hand-shoulder-extensors)
- Hand - subscapularis muscle, lower (subscapularis-muscle-lower)
- Hand - subscapularis muscle, upper (subscapularis-muscle-upper)
- Hand - teres major muscle (shoulder-teres-major-muscle)
- Hand - latissimus dorsi muscle (shoulder-latissimus-dorsi-muscle)
- Hand - deltoid muscle, lateral and posterior (posteriolateral-deltoid-muscle)
- Hand - pectoralis minor muscle (pectoralis-minor-muscle)
- Hand - subclavius muscle (subclavius-muscle)
- Hand - trapezius muscle (trapezius-muscle)
- Hand shoulder flexors (hand-shoulder-flexors)
- Hand elbow (hand-elbow)
- Hand elbow flexors (hand-elbow-flexors)
- Hand - biceps muscle (biceps-muscle)
- Hand - brachialis muscle (brachialis-muscle)
- Hand - pronator quadratus muscle (pronator-quadratus-muscle)
- Hand - pronator teres muscle (pronator-teres-muscle)
- Hand elbow extensors (hand-elbow-extensors)
- Hand - teres minor muscle (teres-minor-muscle)
- Hand - triceps brachii muscle, axillary (triceps-brachii-muscle-axillary)
- Hand - triceps brachii muscle, radial (triceps-brachii-muscle-radial)
- Hand - articularis cubiti muscle (articularis-cubiti-muscle)
- Hand - supinator muscle (supinator-muscle)
- Hand - anconeus muscle (anconeus-muscle)
- Hand - brachioradialis muscle (brachioradialis-muscle)
- Hand elbow flexors (hand-elbow-flexors)
- Hand wrist (hand-wrist)
- Hand wrist flexors (hand-wrist-flexors)
- Hand - flexor carpi radialis muscle (flexor-carpi-radialis-muscle)
- Hand - flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (flexor-carpi-ulnaris-muscle)
- Hand - flexor digitorum profundus muscle, interosseous (flexor-digitorum-profundus-muscle-interosseous)
- Hand - palmaris longus muscle (palmaris-longus-muscle)
- Hand - palmaris brevis muscle (palmaris-brevis-muscle)
- Hand wrist extensors (hand-wrist-extensors)
- Hand - extensor digiti minimi muscle (extensor-digiti-minimi-muscle)
- Hand - extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (extensor-carpi-radialis-brevis-muscle)
- Hand - extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (extensor-carpi-radialis-longus-muscle)
- Hand wrist flexors (hand-wrist-flexors)
- Hand fingers (hand-fingers)
- Hand fingers flexors (hand-fingers-flexors)
- Hand - flexor pollicis longus muscle (flexor-pollicis-longus-muscle)
- Hand - flexor pollicis brevis muscle, median (flexor-pollicis-brevis-muscle)
- Hand - flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (flexor-digitorum-superficialis-muscle)
- Hand - abductor digiti minimi muscle of hand (abductor-digiti-minimi-muscle)
- Hand - abductor pollicis brevis muscle (abductor-pollicis-brevis-muscle)
- Hand - adductor pollicis muscle (adductor-pollicis-muscle)
- Hand - dorsal interossei muscles of the hand (dorsal-interossei-muscle-hand)
- Hand - flexor digiti minimi brevis of hand (flexor-digiti-minimi-brevis-muscle-hand)
- Hand - flexor digitorum profundus muscle, ulnar (flexor-digitorum-profundus-muscle-ulnar)
- Hand - flexor pollicis brevis muscle, ulnar (flexor-pollicis-brevis-muscle-ulnar)
- Hand - lumbricals of the hand muscles, median (lumbricals-hand-muscles-median)
- Hand - lumbricals of the hand muscles, ulnar (lumbricals-hand-muscles-ulnar)
- Hand - opponens digiti minimi muscle (opponens-digiti-minimi-muscles)
- Hand - opponens pollicis muscle (opponens-pollicis-muscle)
- Hand - palmar interossei muscles (palmar-interossei-muscles)
- Hand fingers extensors (hand-fingers-extensors)
- Hand - abductor pollicis longus muscle (abductor-pollicis-longus-muscle)
- Hand - extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (extensor-carpi-ulnaris-muscle)
- Hand - extensor digitorum muscle (extensor-digitorum-muscle)
- Hand - extensor indicis muscle (extensor-indicis-muscle)
- Hand - extensor pollicis brevis muscle (extensor-pollicis-brevis-muscle)
- Hand - extensor pollicis longus muscle (extensor-pollicis-longus-muscle)
- Hand fingers flexors (hand-fingers-flexors)
- Hand somatic sensory data (hand-somatic-sensory)
- Leg (TARGET.TEA.LEG, unknown)
- Leg somatic sensory data (leg-somatic-sensory)
- Leg - somatic receptors (leg-somatic-receptors)
- Leg thigh (leg-thigh)
- Leg thigh flexors (leg-thigh-flexors)
- Leg - piriformis muscle (piriformis-muscle)
- Leg - adductor brevis muscle (leg-adductor-brevis-muscle)
- Leg - adductor longus muscle (leg-adductor-longus-muscle)
- Leg - adductor magnus muscle, obturator (leg-adductor-magnus-muscle-obturator)
- Leg - adductor magnus muscle, tibial (leg-adductor-magnus-muscle-tibial)
- Leg - adductor minimus muscle, obturator (leg-adductor-minimus-muscle-obturator)
- Leg - adductor minimus muscle, tibial (leg-adductor-minimus-muscle-tibial)
- Leg - biceps femoris muscle, tibial (leg-biceps-femoris-muscle-tibial)
- Leg - gemellus inferior muscle (leg-gemellus-inferior-muscle)
- Leg - gemellus superior muscle (leg-gemellus-superior-muscle)
- Leg - gluteus medius muscle (leg-gluteus-medius-muscle)
- Leg - gluteus minimus muscle (leg-gluteus-minimus-muscle)
- Leg - gracilis muscle (leg-gracilis-muscle)
- Leg - iliacus muscle (leg-iliacus-muscle)
- Leg - obturator externus muscle (leg-obturator-externus-muscle)
- Leg - obturator internus muscle (leg-obturator-internus-muscle)
- Leg - pectineus muscle, femoral (leg-pectineus-muscle-femoral)
- Leg - pectineus muscle, obturator (leg-pectineus-muscle-obturator)
- Leg - psoas major muscle (leg-psoas-major-muscle)
- Leg - psoas minor muscle (leg-psoas-minor-muscle)
- Leg - quadratus femoris muscle (leg-quadratus-femoris-muscle)
- Leg - sartorius muscle (leg-sartorius-muscle)
- Leg - tensor fasciae latae muscle (leg-tensor-fasciae-latae-muscle)
- Leg thigh extensors (leg-thigh-extensors)
- Leg - gluteus maximus muscle (gluteus-maximus-muscle)
- Leg thigh flexors (leg-thigh-flexors)
- Leg knee (leg-knee)
- Leg knee flexors (leg-knee-flexors)
- Leg - gastrocnemius muscle (gastrocnemius-muscle)
- Leg - popliteus muscle (popliteus-muscle)
- Leg - biceps femoris muscle, peroneal (leg-biceps-femoris-muscle-peroneal)
- Leg - semimembranosus muscle (leg-semimembranosus-muscle)
- Leg - semitendinosus muscle (leg-semitendinosus-muscle)
- Leg knee extensors (leg-knee-extensors)
- Leg - articularis genu muscle (leg-articularis-genu-muscle)
- Leg - obliquus genu muscle (leg-obliquus-genu-muscle)
- Leg - rectus femoris muscle (leg-rectus-femoris-muscle)
- Leg - vastus intermedius muscle (leg-vastus-intermedius-muscle)
- Leg - vastus lateralis muscle (leg-vastus-lateralis-muscle)
- Leg - vastus medialis muscle (leg-vastus-medialis-muscle)
- Leg knee flexors (leg-knee-flexors)
- Leg foot (leg-foot)
- Leg foot flexors (leg-foot-flexors)
- Leg - tibialis posterior muscle (tibialis-posterior-muscle)
- Leg - abductor hallucis muscle (leg-abductor-hallucis-muscle)
- Leg - plantaris muscle (plantaris-muscle)
- Leg - quadratus plantae muscle (leg-quadratus-plantae-muscle)
- Leg - adductor hallucis muscle (leg-adductor-hallucis-muscle)
- Leg - accessory soleus muscle (leg-accessory-soleus-muscle)
- Leg - fibularis brevis muscle (leg-fibularis-brevis-muscle)
- Leg - fibularis longus muscle (leg-fibularis-longus-muscle)
- Leg - soleus muscle (leg-soleus-muscle)
- Leg foot extensors (leg-foot-extensors)
- Leg - fibularis tertius muscle (fibularis-tertius-muscle)
- Leg - tibialis anterior muscle (tibialis-anterior-muscle)
- Leg - extensor hallucis brevis muscle (leg-extensor-hallucis-brevis-muscle)
- Leg foot flexors (leg-foot-flexors)
- Leg fingers (leg-fingers)
- Leg fingers flexors (leg-fingers-flexors)
- Leg - flexor digitorum longus muscle (flexor-longus-digitorum-muscle)
- Leg - flexor hallucis longus muscle (flexor-longus-hallucis-muscle)
- Leg - abductor digiti minimi muscle of foot (leg-abductor-digiti-minimi-muscle)
- Leg - flexor digitorum brevis muscle (leg-flexor-digitorum-brevis-muscle)
- Leg - lumbrical muscle of foot, lateral (leg-lumbrical-muscle-lateral)
- Leg - lumbrical muscle of foot, medial (leg-lumbrical-muscle-medial)
- Leg - flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle of foot (leg-flexor-digiti-minimi-brevis-muscle)
- Leg - flexor hallucis brevis muscle (leg-flexor-hallucis-brevis-muscle)
- Leg - dorsal interossei muscles of the foot (leg-dorsal-interossei-muscles)
- Leg - plantar interossei muscles (leg-plantar-interossei-muscles)
- Leg fingers extensors (leg-fingers-extensors)
- Leg - extensor digitorum brevis muscle (extensor-digitorum-brevis-muscle)
- Leg - extensor digitorum longus muscle (extensor-digitorum-longus-muscle)
- Leg - extensor hallucis longus muscle (extensor-hallucis-longus-muscle)
- Leg fingers flexors (leg-fingers-flexors)
- Leg somatic sensory data (leg-somatic-sensory)
- Trunk (TARGET.TEA.TRUNK, unknown)
- Trunk sensory data (trunk-sensory-data)
- Trunk - upper somatic receptors (trunk-upper-somatic-receptors)
- Trunk - lower somatic receptors (trunk-lower-somatic-receptors)
- Trunk back (trunk-back)
- Trunk back flexors (trunk-back-flexors)
- Trunk - iliocostalis muscle (trunk-iliocostalis-muscle)
- Trunk - rotatores muscles (trunk-rotatores-muscles)
- Trunk - spinalis muscle (trunk-spinalis-muscle)
- Trunk back extensors (trunk-back-extensors)
- Trunk - semispinalis dorsi (thoracis) (trunk-semispinalis-dorsi-thoracis)
- Trunk - interspinales muscles (trunk-interspinales-muscles)
- Trunk - intertransversarii muscle (trunk-intertransversarii-muscle)
- Trunk - levatores costarum muscles (trunk-levatores-costarum-muscles)
- Trunk - longissimus muscle (trunk-longissimus-muscle)
- Trunk - multifidus muscle (trunk-multifidus-muscle)
- Trunk - quadratus lumborum muscle (trunk-quadratus-lumborum-muscle)
- Trunk - semispinalis cervicis (trunk-semispinalis-cervicis-muscle)
- Trunk back flexors (trunk-back-flexors)
- Trunk chest (trunk-chest)
- Trunk chest flexors (trunk-chest-flexors)
- Trunk - external intercostal muscles (trunk-external-intercostal-muscles)
- Trunk - serratus posterior superior muscle (trunk-serratus-posterior-superior-muscle)
- Trunk chest extensors (trunk-chest-extensors)
- Trunk - subcostalis muscle (trunk-subcostalis-muscle)
- Trunk - transversus thoracis muscle (trunk-transversus-thoracis-muscle)
- Trunk - internal intercostal muscles (trunk-internal-intercostal-muscles)
- Trunk - serratus posterior inferior muscle (trunk-serratus-posterior-inferior-muscle)
- Trunk chest flexors (trunk-chest-flexors)
- Trunk abdomen (trunk-abdomen)
- Trunk abdomen flexors (trunk-abdomen-flexors)
- Trunk - rectus abdominis muscle (trunk-rectus-abdominis-muscle)
- Trunk - abdominal internal oblique muscle (trunk-internal-oblique-muscle)
- Trunk - pyramidalis muscle (trunk-pyramidalis-muscle)
- Trunk - abdominal external oblique muscle (trunk-abdominal-external-oblique-muscle)
- Trunk abdomen extensors (trunk-abdomen-extensors)
- Trunk - transversus abdominis muscle (trunk-transversus-abdominis)
- Trunk abdomen flexors (trunk-abdomen-flexors)
- Trunk sensory data (trunk-sensory-data)
- Breast (TARGET.TEA.BREAST, unknown)
- Breast - skin receptors (breast-skin-receptors)
- Breast - nipple smooth muscles (nipple-smooth-muscles)
- Genitalia (TARGET.TEA.GENITALIA, unknown)
- Genitalia - sensations (genitalia-sensory)
- Genitalia - utetovaginal visceral receptors (utetovaginal-visceral-receptors)
- Genitalia - visceral sexual receptors (visceral-sexual-receptors)
- Genitalia - urination and support muscles (genitalia-urination)
- Genitalia - bulbospongiosus muscle (bulbospongiosus-muscle)
- Genitalia - pubococcygeus muscle (pubococcygeus-muscle)
- Genitalia - erection muscles (genitalia-erection)
- Genitalia - ischiocavernosus muscle (ischiocavernosus-muscle)
- Genitalia - man erection muscles (genitalia-erection-man)
- Genitalia - corpus cavernosum penis (corpus-cavernosum-penis)
- Genitalia - woman erection muscles (genitalia-erection-woman)
- Genitalia - uterus, sympathetic contractors (uterus-sympathetic)
- Genitalia - parasympathetic uterus vasodilators (uterus-parasympathetic)
- Genitalia - vagina, sympathetic vasoconstrictors (vagina-sympathetic)
- Genitalia - parasympathetic vaginal vasodilators (vagina-parasympathetic)
- Genitalia - corpus cavernosum clitoridis (corpus-cavernosum-clitoridis)
- Genitalia - ejaculation muscles and glands, pregnancy and lifecycle support (genitalia-ejaculation)
- Genitalia - man ejaculation muscles and glands (genitalia-ejaculation-man)
- Genitalia - cowper gland (cowper-gland)
- Genitalia - prostate gland (prostate-gland)
- Genitalia - vas deferens (vas-deferens)
- Genitalia - deep transverse perineal muscle, penis (deep-transverse-perineal-muscle-penis)
- Genitalia - woman ejaculation muscles and glands (genitalia-ejaculation-woman)
- Genitalia - bartholin gland (bartholin-gland)
- Genitalia - skenes gland (skenes-gland)
- Genitalia - cervix (cervix-gland)
- Genitalia - deep transverse perineal muscle, clitoris (deep-transverse-perineal-muscle-clitoris)
- Genitalia - man ejaculation muscles and glands (genitalia-ejaculation-man)
- Genitalia - scrotum muscles (genitalia-scrotum-muscles)
- Genitalia - cremaster muscle (cremaster-muscle)
- Genitalia - dartos muscle (dartos-muscle)
- Genitalia - sensations (genitalia-sensory)
- Ureter (TARGET.TEA.URETER, unknown)
- Ureter sensory data (ureter-sensory-data)
- Ureter - ureter visceral receptors (ureter-visceral-receptors)
- Ureter autonomic (ureter-autonomic)
- Ureter - detrusor urinae muscle, parasympathetic (detrusor-urinae-muscle-parasympathetic)
- Ureter - internal sphincter muscle of urethra, parasympathetic (internal-urethral-sphincter-parasympathetic)
- Ureter - detrusor urinae muscle, sympathetic (detrusor-urinae-muscle-sympathetic)
- Ureter - internal sphincter muscle of urethra, sympathetic (internal-urethral-sphincter-sympathetic)
- Ureter conscious (ureter-conscious)
- Ureter - external sphincter muscle of female urethra (external-urethral-sphincter-female)
- Ureter - external sphincter muscle of male urethra (external-urethral-sphincter-male)
- Ureter sensory data (ureter-sensory-data)
- Rectum (TARGET.TEA.RECTUM, unknown)
- Rectum sensory data (rectum-sensory-data)
- Rectum - large intestine visceral receptors (large-intestine-visceral-receptors)
- Rectum autonomic (rectum-autonomic)
- Rectum - sphincter ani internus muscle, parasympathetic (sphincter-ani-internus-muscle-parasympathetic)
- Rectum - sphincter ani internus muscle, sympathetic (sphincter-ani-internus-muscle-sympathetic)
- Rectum conscious flexors (rectum-conscious-flexors)
- Rectum - superficial transverse perineal muscle (superficial-transverse-perineal-muscle)
- Rectum - corrugator cutis ani muscle (corrugator-cutis-ani-muscle)
- Rectum - sphincter ani externus muscle (sphincter-ani-externus-muscle)
- Rectum conscious extensors (rectum-conscious-extensors)
- Rectum - puborectalis muscle (puborectalis-muscle)
- Rectum - coccygeus muscle (coccygeus-muscle)
- Rectum - iliococcygeus muscle (iliococcygeus-muscle)
- Rectum sensory data (rectum-sensory-data)
- Blood vessels (TARGET.TEA.VESSELS, unknown)
- Head vessels (head-vessels)
- Vessels - parotid gland vasoconstrictors (parotid-gland-vasoconstrictors)
- Vessels - submandibular gland vasoconstrictors (submandibular-gland-vasoconstrictors)
- Vessels - sublingual gland vasoconstrictors (sublingual-gland-vasoconstrictors)
- Body vessels (body-vessels)
- Vessels - heart blood vessels (heart-blood-vessels)
- Vessels - thorathic arterial vasoconstrictors (arterial-thoracic-vasoconstrictors)
- Vessels - breast blood vessels (breast-blood-vessels)
- Vessels - stomach blood vessels (stomach-blood-vessels)
- Vessels - liver blood vessels (liver-blood-vessels)
- Vessels - renal blood vessels (renal-blood-vessels)
- Limb vessels (limb-vessels)
- Vessels - wall of brachial artery smooth muscles (brachial-artery-vasoconstrictors)
- Vessels - arm blood vessels (arm-blood-vessels)
- Vessels - forearm blood vessels (forearm-blood-vessels)
- Head vessels (head-vessels)
- Endocrine Glands (TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE, unknown)
- Endocrine head (endocrine-head)
- Endocrine - pineal gland (endocrine-pineal-gland) = NL:[body]
- Endocrine neck (endocrine-neck)
- Endocrine - thyroid gland (endocrine-thyroid-gland)
- Endocrine - parathyroid gland (endocrine-parathyroid-gland)
- Endocrine body (endocrine-body)
- Endocrine - pancreas (endocrine-pancreas)
- Endocrine - pancreas, sympathetic (endocrine-pancreas-adrenergic)
- Endocrine - pancreas, parasympathetic (endocrine-pancreas-muscarinic)
- Endocrine - adrenal gland (endocrine-adrenal-gland)
- Endocrine - pancreas (endocrine-pancreas)
- Endocrine - gonads (endocrine-gonads)
- Endocrine - testicle gland (endocrine-testicle-gland)
- Endocrine - ovary gland (endocrine-ovary-gland)
- Endocrine head (endocrine-head)
- Heart (TARGET.TEA.HEART, unknown)
Brodmann Areas of Cerebral Cortex
Verified by:
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area
- https://sites.google.com/site/pl99323/neuroanat3/brodmanna
- http://top-topics.thefullwiki.org/Brodmann_areas
Anterior Lobe
(generated)
- BA 4: Motor Cortex (NMA.NC.MC)
- BA 6: Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F2), Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F7), Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F4), Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F5), Supplementary Eye Field (NMA.NC.SMC.SEF), Pre-Supplementary Motor Area (NMA.NC.SMC.F6), Supplementary Motor Area (NMA.NC.SMC.F3)
- BA 8: Caudal Frontal Eye Field (NMA.NC.PMC.CFEF), Anterior Frontal Eye Field (NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF)
- BA 9: Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC)
- BA 10: Lateral Frontopolar Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL)
- BA 11: Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC)
- BA 12: Lateral Frontopolar Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL)
- BA 24: Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VACG), Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VMCG)
- BA 25: Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.AL.SGCG)
- BA 32: Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.DACG), Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.DMCG)
- BA 33: Pregenual Cingulate Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.PGCG)
- BA 44,45: Broca's Area Pars Opercularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), Broca's Area Pars Triangularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PT)
- BA 46: Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL)
- BA 47: Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus (NDM.NC.AL.IPG)
Parietal Lobe
(generated)
- BA 1,2,3: Primary Somatosensory Cortex (NSA.NC.PG.S1)
- BA 5: Somatosensory Association Cortex (NPE.NC.SPL.SA)
- BA 7: Rostral Precuneus (NPE.NC.SPL.PF), Caudal Precuneus (NPE.NC.SPL.PG)
- BA 23: Posterior Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG)
- BA 26: Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.SGCG)
- BA 29,30: Retrosplenial Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.RSC)
- BA 31: Posterior Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG)
- BA 39: Medial Superior Temporal Area (NPE.NC.IPL.MST), Medial Intraparietal Sulcus (NPE.NC.IPS.MIP), Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus (NPE.NC.IPS.LIP), Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus (NSA.NC.IPS.VIP), Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus (NSA.NC.IPS.AIP)
- BA 40: Supramarginal Wernike Cortex (NPE.NC.IPL.SMW), Secondary Somatosensory Cortex (NSA.NC.PG.S2), Parietal Ventral Cortex (NSA.NC.PG.PV)
- BA 43: Precentral Cortex (NSA.NC.PO.PCC)
Occipital Lobe
(generated)
- BA 17: Primary Visual Cortex (NSA.NC.OCC.V1)
- BA 18: Secondary Visual Cortex, Thin Stripe (NSA.NC.OCC.V2TN), Secondary Visual Cortex, Thick Stripe (NSA.NC.OCC.V2TK), Secondary Visual Cortex, Pale Stripe (NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL)
- BA 19: Dorsal Associative Visual Cortex (NPE.NC.OCC.V3D), Ventral Associative Visual Cortex (NPE.NC.OCC.V3V), Middle Temporal Area (NSA.NC.OCC.MT), Parietooccipital Area (NSA.NC.OCC.PO)
- BA 37: Dorsal Visual Area V4 (NSA.NC.OCC.V4D), Ventral Visual Area V4 (NSA.NC.OCC.V4V)
Temporal Lobe
(generated)
- BA 13: Posterior Insular Cortex (NCP.NC.INS.PIC)
- BA 14: Anterior Insular Cortex (NCP.NC.INS.AIC)
- BA 15: Anterior Temporal Lobe (NCP.NC.INS.HR)
- BA 16: Peripaleocortical Claustral (NCP.NC.INS.PPC)
- BA 20: Inferotemporal Cortex (NSA.NC.IT.TE)
- BA 21: Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area (NSA.NC.IT.TEO)
- BA 22: Wernicke's area A3 (NSA.NC.STG.A3), Wernicke's area A4 (NSA.NC.STG.A4)
- BA 38: Temporopolar Cortex (NCP.NC.TPC)
- BA 41: Primary Auditory Cortex (NSA.NC.TTG.A1)
- BA 42: Auditory Association Area (NSA.NC.TTG.A2)
- BA 52: Parainsular Area (NPE.NC.STG.PAI)
Parahippocampal Lobe
(generated)
- BA 27: Presubiculum (FMM.NC.PH.PRS)
- BA 28: Lateral Entorhinal Cortex (FMM.NC.PH.LEC), Medial Entorhinal Cortex (FMM.NC.PH.MEC)
- BA 29,30: Postrhinal Cortex (FMM.NC.PH.POR)
- BA 34: Piriform Cortex (NSA.NC.PH.PIR)
- BA 35,36: Perirhinal Cortex (FMM.NC.PH.PER)
- BA 48: Postsubiculum (FMM.NC.PH.POS)
- BA 49: Parasubiculum (FMM.NC.PH.PAS)
- BA 51: Prepyriform Cortex (NSA.NC.PH.PRP)
Nuclei List
Below nuclei list is upper part of brain hierarchy up to mapped regions. Coverage verified by:
- NL stands for !NeuroLex identification of [[2]] and [Cord] components.
- [Brain Atlas Nomenclatures]
- [line ontology - Brain]
Forebrain Telencephalon
(generated)
- Olfactory System (FT.OLF) -> BrainAreaLPC
- Main Olfactory Bulb (LPC.FT.MOB, sensory)
- Accessory Olfactory Bulb (LPC.FT.AOB, sensory)
- Anterior Olfactory Nucleus (LPC.FT.AON, processor) = wiki:[olfactory nucleus]
- Extended Amygdala (FAM.FT.EXTAM) = NA:[complex]
- Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM) = NL:[[3]] -> BrainAreaFAM
- Basolateral Nuclear Complex (FAM.FT.AM.BL, relay) = NL:[nuclear complex] = NL:[amygdaloid area]
- Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LA) = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus]
- Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LADL) = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus, dorsolateral part]
- Ventrolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LAVL) = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus, ventrolateral part]
- Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LAVM) = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus, ventromedial part]
- Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.B) = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus]
- Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BP) = NL:[part of basal amygdaloid nucleus]
- Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BM) = NL:[part of basal amygdaloid nucleus]
- Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.AB) = NL:[basal amygdaloid nucleus]
- Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LA) = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus]
- Corticomedial Nuclear Complex (FAM.FT.AM.CTM) = NL:[nuclear complex]
- Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CO) = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus]
- Anterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.COA, relay)
- Posterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.COP, relay)
- Centromedial Nuclei (FAM.FT.AM.CM)
- Central Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM.CEA) = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus]
- Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision (FAM.FT.AM.CEC, relay) = NL:[central nucleus of the amygdala]
- Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision (FAM.FT.AM.CEL, relay) = NL:[central nucleus of the amygdala]
- Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CEM, relay) = NL:[central nucleus of the amygdala]
- Medial Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM.M) = NL:[amygdala] = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus]
- Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MEA, relay)
- Medial Posteror Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MPD, relay)
- Medial Posteror Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MPV, relay)
- Central Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM.CEA) = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus]
- Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CO) = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus]
- Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei (FAM.FT.AM.ITC, relay) = NL:[amygdaloid nuclei]
- Basolateral Nuclear Complex (FAM.FT.AM.BL, relay) = NL:[nuclear complex] = NL:[amygdaloid area]
- Septal Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP) = NL:[nuclear complex] -> BrainAreaFAM
- Dorsal Septal Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP.DS) = NL:[septal nucleus]
- Lateral Septal Group (FAM.FT.SEP.LG) = NL:[septal nuclei]
- Lateral Septal Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP.LT, relay) = NL:[septal nucleus]
- Septohippocampal Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP.SH, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Medial Septal Group (FAM.FT.SEP.MG)
- Medial Septal Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP.MED, relay) = NL:[septal nucleus]
- Diagonal Band of Broca (FAM.FT.SEP.DBB, relay) = NL:[of the diagonal band]
- Lateral Septal Group (FAM.FT.SEP.LG) = NL:[septal nuclei]
- Posterior Septal Group (FAM.FT.SEP.PG)
- Bed Nucleus of Anterior Commissure (FAM.FT.SEP.BAC, relay) = NL:[of anterior commissure]
- Septofimbrial Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP.SF, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Triangular Septal Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP.TR, relay) = NL:[septal nucleus]
- Dorsal Septal Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP.DS) = NL:[septal nucleus]
- Endopiriform Nucleus (FAM.FT.EPF, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFAM
- Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis (FAM.FT.BNST, relay) = NL:[nucleus of stria terminalis] -> BrainAreaFAM
- Substantia innominata (FT.SIN, relay) -> BrainAreaLMC
- Basal Nucleus of Meynert (LMC.FT.NBM) = NL:[nucleus] = NL:[innominata]
- Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus (FAM.FT.IPAC) = NL:[nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure]
- Medial Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus (FAM.FT.IPAC.MED, relay) -> BrainAreaFAM
- Lateral Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus (FEC.FT.IPAC.LT, relay) -> BrainAreaFEC
- Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM) = NL:[[3]] -> BrainAreaFAM
- Basal Ganglia (BGA.FT.BG) -> BrainAreaFEC
- Striatum (BGA.FT.ST)
- Ventral Striatum (BGA.FT.VST, relay)
- Accumbens Nucleus (FEC.FT.ACC) = NL:[accumbens]
- Nucleus Accumbens Core (FEC.FT.ACC.CORE) = NL:[of nucleus accumbens]
- Nucleus Accumbens Shell (FEC.FT.ACC.SH) = NL:[of nucleus accumbens]
- Ventral Putamen (FEC.FT.PU.VT) = NL:[putamen]
- Accumbens Nucleus (FEC.FT.ACC) = NL:[accumbens]
- Dorsal Striatum (BGA.FT.DST)
- Caudate Nucleus (BGA.FT.CN) = NL:[nucleus]
- Caudate Nucleus Head (FEC.FT.CN.HD, relay)
- Caudate Nucleus Body (FEC.FT.CN.BD, relay)
- Caudate Nucleus Tail (FEC.FT.CN.TL, relay)
- Dorsal Putamen (BGA.FT.DPU) = NL:[[4]]
- Caudate Nucleus (BGA.FT.CN) = NL:[nucleus]
- Ventral Striatum (BGA.FT.VST, relay)
- Globus Pallidus (BGA.FT.GP) = NL:[pallidus]
- Dorsal Pallidum (BGA.FT.DP) = NL:[globus pallidus]
- Globus Pallidus External (BGA.FT.GPE) = NL:[pallidus external segment]
- Globus Pallidus External Lateral (FEC.FT.GPE.LT, relay)
- Globus Pallidus External Medial (FEC.FT.GPE.MED, relay)
- Globus Pallidus External Dorsal (FEC.FT.GPE.DS, relay)
- Globus Pallidus External Rostromedial (FEC.FT.GPE.RM, relay)
- Globus Pallidus External Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.GPE.DL, relay)
- Globus Pallidus Internal (BGA.FT.GPI) = NL:[pallidus internal segment]
- Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral (FEC.FT.GPI.LT, relay) = NL:[globus pallidus]
- Globus Pallidus Internal Medial (FEC.FT.GPI.MED, relay) = NL:[globus pallidus]
- Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal (FEC.FT.GPI.DS, relay)
- Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial (FEC.FT.GPI.RM, relay)
- Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.GPI.DL, relay)
- Globus Pallidus External (BGA.FT.GPE) = NL:[pallidus external segment]
- Ventral Pallidum (FEC.FT.VP) = NL:[pallidum]
- Ventral Pallidum Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.VP.DL, relay)
- Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial (FEC.FT.VP.VM, relay)
- Dorsal Pallidum (BGA.FT.DP) = NL:[globus pallidus]
- Substantia Nigra (BGA.FT.SN) = NL:[nigra]
- Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (LMC.FT.SNC) = NL:[nigra pars compacta]
- Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral (FEC.FT.SNC.LT, relay) = NL:[substantia nigra pars compacta]
- Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial (FEC.FT.SNC.MED, relay) = NL:[substantia nigra pars compacta]
- Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata (LMC.FT.SNR) = NL:[nigra pars reticulata]
- Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.SNR.DL, relay)
- Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Rostromedial (FEC.FT.SNR.RM, relay)
- Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Ventrolateral (FEC.FT.SNR.VL, relay)
- Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial (FEC.FT.SNR.MED, relay)
- Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (LMC.FT.SNC) = NL:[nigra pars compacta]
- Striatum (BGA.FT.ST)
- Hippocampal Formation (HBA.FT.HF) -> BrainAreaFMM
- Hippocampus (HBA.FT.HC) = NL:[[5]]
- Dentate Gyrus (FMM.FT.HC.DG, processor) = NL:[gyrus]
- Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA1) = NL:[[6]]
- Proximal CA1 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA1P, processor)
- Middle CA1 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA1M, processor)
- Distal CA1 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA1D, processor)
- Dorsolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA2, processor) = NL:[[7]]
- Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA3) = NL:[[8]]
- Proximal CA1 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA3P, processor)
- Middle CA1 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA3M, processor)
- Distal CA1 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA3D, processor)
- Subiculum (FMM.FT.HF.SUB) = NL:[[9]]
- Proximal Subiculum (FMM.FT.HF.SUBP, processor) = NL:[subiculum]
- Middle Subiculum (FMM.FT.HF.SUBM, processor)
- Distal Subiculum (FMM.FT.HF.SUBD, processor)
- Hippocampus (HBA.FT.HC) = NL:[[5]]
Forebrain Diencephalon
(generated)
- Habenula (FAM.FD.HB, relay) = NL:[[10]] -> BrainAreaFAM
- Lateral Habenula (LAC.FD.LHB) = NL:[habenular nucleus]
- Lateral Habenula Medial Part (FAM.FD.LHB.MED)
- Lateral Habenula Lateral Part (FAM.FD.LHB.LT)
- Medial Habenula (FAM.FD.MHB) = NL:[habenular nucleus]
- Lateral Habenula (LAC.FD.LHB) = NL:[habenular nucleus]
- Hypothalamus (HTA.FD.HT) = NL:[[11]]
- Mammillary Body (FD.MB) = NL:[body] -> BrainAreaFMM
- Lateral Mammillary Nucleus (FMM.FD.MB.LMB, processor) = NL:[mammillary nucleus]
- Medial Mammillary Nucleus (FMM.FD.MB.MMB, relay) = NL:[mammillary nucleus]
- Anterior Hypothalamus Area (HTA.FD.HT.AHT) = NL:[hypothalamus] = NL:[hypothalamic region] -> BrainAreaLAC
- Chiasmatic Area (HTA.FD.HT.CHS)
- Preoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PO, relay) = NL:[area]
- Medial Preoptic Nucleus (HTA.FD.HT.MPO) = NL:[preoptic nucleus] = NL:[preoptic nucleus] = NL:[preoptic region]
- Lateral Preoptic Nucleus (HTA.FD.HT.LPO) = NL:[preoptic nucleus]
- Supraoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.SO, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.SCN, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Retrochiasmatic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.RCH, relay) = NL:[area]
- Preoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PO, relay) = NL:[area]
- Tuberal Area (HTA.FD.HT.TUB) = NL:[cinereum] = NL:[hypothalamic region]
- Paraventricular Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PV, relay) = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus] = NL:[hypothalamic region]
- Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.AH, relay) = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus]
- Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.VM, relay) = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus]
- Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus (LAC.FD.HT.AR, relay) = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus]
- Chiasmatic Area (HTA.FD.HT.CHS)
- Posterior Hypothalamic Area (HTA.FD.HT.POS) = NL:[hypothalamic region] -> BrainAreaLAC
- Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.DM, relay) = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus]
- Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PN, relay) = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus]
- Lateral Hypothalamic Area (HTA.FD.HT.LT) = NL:[hypothalamic area] = NL:[hypothalamic region] -> BrainAreaLAC
- Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.LTN, relay) = NL:[hypothalamic nucleus]
- Lateral Tuberal Nuclei (HTA.FD.HT.LTUB) = NL:[tuberal nuclear complex]
- Supramammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.SUM, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Tuberomammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.TBM, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Premammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PRM, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Mammillary Body (FD.MB) = NL:[body] -> BrainAreaFMM
- Retina (LPC.FD.RT, relay) -> BrainAreaLPC
- Subthalamus Area (BGA.FD.STA) = NL:[[12]] -> BrainAreaFEC
- Subthalamic Nucleus (BGA.FD.STN) = NL:[nucleus]
- Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal (FEC.FD.STN.CD, relay)
- Zona Incerta (BGA.FD.STN.ZI) = NL:[incerta]
- Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal (FEC.FD.STN.ICD, relay)
- Subthalamic Nucleus Dorsolateral (FEC.FD.STN.DL, relay)
- Subthalamic Nucleus Lateral (FEC.FD.STN.LT, relay)
- Subthalamic Nucleus Medial (FEC.FD.STN.MED, relay)
- Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal (FEC.FD.STN.CD, relay)
- Subthalamic Nucleus (BGA.FD.STN) = NL:[nucleus]
- Thalamus (FD.TH) = NL:[[13]] = NL:[of the thalamus]
- Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (NSA.FD.LGN, relay) = NL:[geniculate body] -> BrainAreaNSA
- Medial Geniculate Body (NSA.FD.TH.MGB, relay) = NL:[geniculate body] -> BrainAreaNSA
- Pulvinar (FD.PV) = NL:[[14]]
- Inferior Pulvinar (NSA.FD.TH.IPV, relay) = NL:[pulvinar nucleus] -> BrainAreaNSA
- Lateral Pulvinar (NSA.FD.TH.LPV, relay) = NL:[pulvinar nucleus] -> BrainAreaNSA
- Medial Pulvinar (NPE.FD.TH.MPV, relay) = NL:[pulvinar] = NL:[pulvinar nucleus] -> BrainAreaNPE
- Oral Pulvinar (NPE.FD.TH.OPV, processor) = NL:[pulvinar nucleus] -> BrainAreaNPE
- Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus (FD.TH.AN) = NL:[nuclear group]
- Anteromedial Nucleus (NCP.FD.TH.AM, processor) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaNCP
- Anteroventral Nucleus (FMM.FD.TH.AV, processor) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFMM
- Anterodorsal Nucleus (FMM.FD.TH.AD, processor) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFMM
- Intralaminar and Midline Nuclei of Thalamus (BGA.FD.TH.IML)
- Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus (BGA.FD.TH.IL) = NL:[nuclear group] -> BrainAreaFEC
- Rostral Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus (FEC.FD.TH.RIL, processor)
- Caudal Intralaminar Nucleus of Thalamus (FEC.FD.TH.CIL) = NL:[intralaminar nuclei]
- Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus (FEC.FD.TH.CM, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Parafascicular Nucleus of Thalamus (FEC.FD.TH.PF, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus (FD.TH.MTH) = NL:[nuclear group]
- Dorsal Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus (FD.TH.MDT) = NL:[dorsal nucleus]
- Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus (FAM.FD.TH.PT, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFAM
- Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus (LPC.FD.TH.PV, relay) = NL:[nucleus of thalamus] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Ventral Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus (FD.TH.MVT)
- Reuniens Nucleus of Thalamus (FMM.FD.TH.RE, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFMM
- Rhomboidal Nucleus of Thalamus (FEC.FD.TH.RH, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFEC
- Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus (LLC.FD.TH.SF, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLLC
- Dorsal Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus (FD.TH.MDT) = NL:[dorsal nucleus]
- Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus (BGA.FD.TH.IL) = NL:[nuclear group] -> BrainAreaFEC
- Lateral Thalamus (FD.TH.LTH) = NL:[nuclear group] = NL:[thalamus]
- Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (FMM.FD.TH.LD, processor) = NL:[dorsal nucleus] -> BrainAreaFMM
- Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus (NPE.FD.TH.LP, processor) = NL:[posterior nucleus] -> BrainAreaNPE
- Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (FCA.FD.TH.MD) = NL:[dorsal nucleus] = NL:[thalamus]
- Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NDM.FD.TH.MDM, processor) = NL:[mediodorsal nucleus] = NL:[part of medial dorsal nucleus] -> BrainAreaNDM
- Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NCP.FD.TH.MDC, processor) = NL:[part of medial dorsal nucleus] = NL:[part of medial dorsal nucleus] = -> BrainAreaNCP
- Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NMA.FD.TH.MDL, processor) = NL:[part of medial dorsal nucleus] -> BrainAreaNMA
- Posterior Thalamus (FD.TH.PTH) = NL:[nuclear complex] = NL:[thalamus]
- Limitans Nucleus of Thalamus (FEC.FD.TH.LI, processor) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFEC
- Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus (NSA.FD.TH.SG, processor) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaNSA
- Submedial Nucleus of Thalamus (NDM.FD.TH.SM, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaNDM
- Ventral Thalamus (FD.TH.VTH) = NL:[nuclear group] = NL:[thalamic]
- Ventral Anterior Nucleus (NMA.FD.TH.VA, processor) = NL:[anterior nucleus] -> BrainAreaNMA
- Ventral Lateral Nucleus (NMA.FD.TH.VL, relay) = NL:[lateral nucleus] -> BrainAreaNMA
- Medial Part of Ventral Lateral Nucleus (MCA.FD.TH.VLO) = NL:[part of ventral lateral nucleus]
- Ventral Posterior Nucleus (SMA.FD.TH.VP) = NL:[posterior nucleus] -> BrainAreaNSA
- Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus (NSA.FD.TH.VPI, relay) = NL:[posteroinferior nucleus]
- Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus (NSA.FD.TH.VPL, relay) = NL:[posterolateral nucleus]
- Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus (NSA.FD.TH.VPM, relay) = NL:[posteromedial nucleus]
Midbrain Mesencephalon
(generated)
- Perhipheral Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.PER)
- Oculomotor Nucleus (LPC.MM.OCN, relay) = NL:[nuclear complex] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Trochlear Nucleus (LPC.MM.TRH, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Edinger-Westphal Nucleus (LAC.MM.EWN, parasympathetic) = NL:[oculomotor nucleus] -> BrainAreaLAC
- Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus (LPC.MM.MSTR, sensory) = NL:[nucleus of trigeminal nerve] -> BrainAreaLPC (sensory neurons of masticatory muscles, the teeth, the mandibular joint, the mandible, the maxilla and the intraocular muscles; most to motor trigeminal, few - to principal trigeminal)
- Mesencephalic Reticular Formation (MM.RF)
- Mesencephalic Reticular Formation, Medial Column (MM.RF.MED) -> BrainAreaLLC
- Cuneiform Nucleus (LLC.MM.CNF, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Subcuneiform Nucleus (LLC.MM.SCNF, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Mesencephalic Reticular Formation, Midline Column (MM.RF.MID) = NL:[raphe nuclei]
- Superior Central Raphe Nucleus (LMC.MM.RF.SUC, relay) = NL:[central nucleus] -> BrainAreaLMC
- Dorsal Raphe Nucleus (LMC.MM.RP.DRN, relay) = NL:[raphe nucleus] -> BrainAreaLMC
- Raphe Interpositus Nucleus (LRC.MM.RP.RIP, relay) = NL:[interpositus nucleus] -> BrainAreaLRC
- Mesencephalic Reticular Formation, Medial Column (MM.RF.MED) -> BrainAreaLLC
- Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF)
- Auditory Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF.AUD, relay) -> BrainAreaLPC
- Inferior Colliculus (ABA.MM.IC) = NL:[colliculus]
- Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (LPC.MM.CIC) = NL:[nucleus of inferior colliculus]
- External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (LRC.MM.EIC) = NL:[nucleus of inferior colliculus]
- Superior Olivary Complex (LPC.MM.SOC) = NL:[olivary complex]
- Trapezoid Body Nucleus (ABA.MM.SOC.TZ) = NL:[nuclear complex] = NL:[body]
- Inferior Colliculus (ABA.MM.IC) = NL:[colliculus]
- Visual Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF.VIS) -> BrainAreaLRC
- Superior Colliculus (MM.SC) = NL:[colliculus]
- Superficial Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.SUP, relay) = wiki:[Superior colliculus]
- Stratum Zonale, Lamina I (VBA.MM.SC.SZ) = NL:[colliculus stratum zonale]
- Stratum Griseum Supeficiale, Lamina II (VBA.MM.SC.SGZ) = NL:[colliculus superficial gray layer]
- Stratum Opticum, Lamina III (VBA.MM.SC.SO) = NL:[colliculus stratum opticum]
- Intermediate Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.INT, relay) = other:[colliculus]
- Stratum Griseum Intermediale, Lamina IV (VBA.MM.SC.SGI)
- Stratum Album Intermediale, Lamina V (VBA.MM.SC.SAI)
- Deep Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP, relay) = wiki:[Superior colliculus]
- Stratum Griseum Profundum, Lamina VI (VBA.MM.SC.SGP)
- Stratum Album Profundum, Lamina VII (VBA.MM.SC.SAP)
- Superficial Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.SUP, relay) = wiki:[Superior colliculus]
- Supraoculomotor Area (VBA.MM.SOA) = NL:[nuclear complex]
- Cajal Nucleus (LRC.MM.CJ, relay) = NL:[nucleus of Cajal]
- Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF (LRC.MM.RIMLF, relay)
- Darkschewitsch Nucleus (LRC.MM.DSCH, relay) = NL:[of Darkschewitsch]
- Pretectum (MM.PT) = NL:[[15]]
- Anterior Pretectum Nucleus (LRC.MM.PT.PTA, relay) = NL:[pretectal nucleus]
- Nucleus of Optic Tract (LRC.MM.PT.NOT, relay) = NL:[of optic tract]
- Pretectal Olivary Nucleus (LRC.MM.PT.PON, relay) = NL:[pretectal nucleus]
- Principal Pretectal Nucleus (LRC.MM.PT.PR, relay) = NL:[pretectal nucleus]
- Sublentiform Nucleus (LRC.MM.PT.SL, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Superior Colliculus (MM.SC) = NL:[colliculus]
- Auditory Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF.AUD, relay) -> BrainAreaLPC
- Red Nucleus (LLC.MM.RD, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLLC
- Periaqueductal Gray Matter (LMC.MM.PAG, relay) = NL:[periaqueductal gray] -> BrainAreaLMC
- Ventral Tegmental Area (LMC.MM.VTA, relay) = NL:[tegmental nucleus] = NL:[tegmental area] -> BrainAreaLMC
- Raphe Nucleus Linearis (LMC.HP.RP.LI) = NL:[central nucleus]
Hindbrain Metencephalon
(generated)
- Abducens Nucleus (LPC.HP.ABD, relay) = NL:[abducens nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Barrington's Nucleus (LAC.HP.BR, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLAC
- Cerebellum (LLC.HP.CR) = Cerebellum -> BrainAreaLLC
- Cerebellar Cortex (LLC.HP.CR.CTX) = NL:[cortex]
- Cerebrocerebellum (LLC.HP.CR.CC, relay) = NL:[lobe]
- Spinocerebellum (LLC.HP.CR.SC, relay) = NL:[lobe]
- Vestibulocerebellum (LLC.HP.CR.VC, relay) = NL:[lobe]
- Deep Cerebellar Nuclei (LLC.HP.CR.DCN)
- Dentate Nucleus (LLC.HP.CR.DN, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Interposed Nucleus (LLC.HP.CR.IP)
- Emboliform Nucleus (LLC.HP.CR.EN, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Globose Nucleus (LLC.HP.CR.GN, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Fastigual Nucleus (LLC.HP.CR.FN, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Cerebellar Cortex (LLC.HP.CR.CTX) = NL:[cortex]
- Facial Motor Nucleus (LPC.HP.FCM, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Incertus Nucleus (FAM.HP.NI, relay) = NL:[incertus] -> BrainAreaFAM
- Pontine Tegmental Nuclei (HP.TG)
- Ventral Tegmental Nucleus (LMC.HP.TG.VTG, relay) = NL:[tegmental nucleus] -> BrainAreaLMC
- Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus (LMC.HP.TG.DTG, relay) = NL:[tegmental nucleus] -> BrainAreaLMC
- Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus (LMC.HP.TG.LDT, relay) = NL:[tegmental nucleus] -> BrainAreaLMC
- Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei (LLC.HP.PPN) = NL:[tegmental nucleus] -> BrainAreaFAM
- Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus (FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG, relay) = NL:[linear nucleus]
- Interpeduncular Nucleus (FAM.HP.PPN.IPD, relay) = NL:[nucleus]
- Pontine Reticular Formation (HP.RF) = NL:[reticular formation]
- Pontine Reticular Formation, Midline Column (HP.RF.MID, relay) -> BrainAreaLMC
- Raphe Nuclei of Pons (FBA.HP.RP) (Paramedian Reticular Nucleus)
- Pontine Raphe Nucleus (LMC.HP.RP.PRN) = NL:[raphe nucleus]
- Raphe Nuclei of Pons (FBA.HP.RP) (Paramedian Reticular Nucleus)
- Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column (HP.RF.MED) = NL:[pontine reticular formation]
- Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (HP.PRF.PPRF) -> BrainAreaLRC
- Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HP.PRF.RPO, relay) = NL:[pontine reticular nucleus]
- Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HP.PRF.CRF, relay) = NL:[pontine reticular nucleus]
- Locus Coeruleus (LMC.HP.LC, relay) = NL:[ceruleus] -> BrainAreaLMC
- Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HP.PRF.PVR, relay) -> BrainAreaLRC
- Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (HP.PRF.PPRF) -> BrainAreaLRC
- Pontine Reticular Formation, Lateral Column (HP.RF.LAT)
- Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus (LLC.HP.PRF.PDT, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLLC
- Parabrachial Nucleus (LPC.HP.PB, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Pontine Reticular Formation, Midline Column (HP.RF.MID, relay) -> BrainAreaLMC
- Pontine Nuclear Complex (MBA.HP.PN) = NL:[nuclear complex]
- Pontobulbar Body (LLC.HP.PN.PBB, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLLC
- Rostral Pontine Nucleus (LLC.HP.PN.RP, relay) = NL:[pontine nuclei] -> BrainAreaLLC
- Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus (LRC.HP.PN.KFN, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLRC
- Nuclei of Lateral Lemniscus (LPC.HP.PN.LL, relay) = NL:[of the lateral lemniscus] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Nucleus Subceruleus (LRC.HP.PN.SC, relay) = NL:[subceruleus] -> BrainAreaLRC
- Trigeminal Nucleus of Pons (HMA.HP.PTP) -> BrainAreaLPC
- Principal Trigeminal Nucleus (LPC.HP.PTP.PTR, relay) = NL:[sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve]
- Trigeminal Motor Nucleus (LPC.HP.PTP.TRM, relay) = NL:[root of trigeminal nerve]
- Vestibular Nucleus (LPC.HP.VBN) = NL:[nuclear complex] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Inferior Vestibular Nuclei (LPC.HP.IVBN, relay) = NL:[vestibular nucleus]
- Lateral Vestibular Nuclei (LPC.HP.LVBN, relay) = NL:[vestibular nucleus]
- Medial Vestibular Nucleus (LPC.HP.MVBN, relay) = NL:[vestibular nucleus]
- Superior Vestibular Nuclei (LPC.HP.SVBN, relay) = NL:[vestibular nucleus]
Hindbrain Myelencephalon
(generated)
- Accessory Cuneate Nucleus (LPC.HM.ACU, relay) = NL:[cuneate nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Expiratory Center (HMA.HM.RC)
- Ambiguus Nucleus (LPC.HM.AMB, relay) = NL:[ambiguus] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Retroambigualis Nucleus (LRC.HM.RA, relay) = NL:[retroambigualis] -> BrainAreaLRC
- Arcuate Nucleus of Medulla (LLC.HM.ARC, relay) = NL:[nucleus of medulla] -> BrainAreaLLC
- Cochlear Nucleus (ABA.HM.COCH) = NL:[nuclear complex] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus (LPC.HM.DCOCH, relay) = NL:[cochlear nucleus]
- Ventral Cochlear Nucleus (LPC.HM.VCOCH, relay) = NL:[cochlear nucleus]
- Cuneate Nucleus (LPC.HM.CU, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Gracile Nucleus (LPC.HM.GR, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus (LPC.HM.HYG, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Inferior Olivary Nucleus (LLC.HM.IO, relay) = NL:[olivary complex] -> BrainAreaLLC
- Intercalated Nucleus of Medulla (LRC.HM.INM, relay) = NL:[intercalatus] -> BrainAreaLRC
- Medullary Reticular Formation (HM.RF) = NL:[reticular formation]
- Medullary Reticular Formation, Midline Column (HM.RF.MID) -> BrainAreaLMC
- Raphe Nuclei of Medulla (LMC.HM.RP) = NL:[raphe nuclear complex]
- Raphe Pallidus Nucleus (LMC.HM.RP.PL, relay) = NL:[raphe pallidus]
- Raphe Obscurus Nucleus (LMC.HM.RP.OB, relay) = NL:[raphe obscurus]
- Raphe Magnus Nucleus (LMC.HM.RP.MG, relay) = NL:[raphe magnus]
- Raphe Nuclei of Medulla (LMC.HM.RP) = NL:[raphe nuclear complex]
- Medullary Reticular Formation, Medial Column (HM.RF.MED) -> BrainAreaLRC
- Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HM.RF.MED, relay)
- Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HP.PRF.GCR, relay) = NL:[paragigantocellular nucleus]
- Medullary Reticular Formation, Lateral Column (HM.RF.LAT) -> BrainAreaLLC
- Lateral Reticular Nucleus (LLC.HM.RF.LAT) = NL:[reticular nucleus]
- Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Parvocellular (LLC.HM.RF.PLRN, relay)
- Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Magnocellular (LLC.HM.RF.MLRN, relay)
- Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Subtrigeminal (LLC.HM.RF.SLRN, relay)
- Lateral Reticular Nucleus (LLC.HM.RF.LAT) = NL:[reticular nucleus]
- Medullary Reticular Formation, Midline Column (HM.RF.MID) -> BrainAreaLMC
- Prepositus Nucleus (LRC.HM.NPH, relay) = NL:[prepositus] -> BrainAreaLRC
- Salivatory Nucleus (AVA.HM.SAL) -> BrainAreaLAC
- Inferior Salivatory Nucleus (LAC.HM.SAL.ISL, parasympathetic) = NL:[salivatory nucleus]
- Superior Salivatory Nucleus (LAC.HM.SAL.SSL, parasympathetic) = NL:[salivatory nucleus]
- Solitary Nucleus (LPC.HM.SOL, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Trigeminal Nucleus (HMA.HM.TGM)
- Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus (LPC.HM.TGM.STR, relay) = NL:[trigeminal nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus (HMA.HM.TGM.CSTR) = NL:[part of spinal trigeminal nucleus]
- Paratrigeminal Nucleus (LRC.HM.TGM.PA5, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLRC
- Peritrigeminal Nucleus (LAC.HM.TGM.PE5, relay) = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLAC
- Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus (LPC.HM.TGM.STR, relay) = NL:[trigeminal nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Vagus Nucleus (LAC.HM.VGN, parasympathetic) = NL:[motor nucleus of vagus nerve] -> BrainAreaLAC
Spinal Cord
(generated)
- Lateral Horn/Funiculus (BMA.SC.LH)
- Lateral Cervical Nucleus (LPC.SC.LH.LCV, relay) = NL:[cervical nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Lateral Spinal Nucleus (LAC.SC.LH.LSN, relay) = NL:[spinal nucleus] -> BrainAreaLAC
- Posterior/Dorsal Horn (BMA.SC.PH) -> BrainAreaLPC
- Lamina I (LPC.SC.PH.L1)
- Marginal Nucleus (LPC.SC.PH.MG) = NA:Marginal Nucleus = BP:[nucleus]
- Upper Marginal Nucleus (LPC.SC.PH.UMG, relay)
- Lower Marginal Nucleus (LPC.SC.PH.LMG, relay)
- Marginal Nucleus (LPC.SC.PH.MG) = NA:Marginal Nucleus = BP:[nucleus]
- Lamina II (LPC.SC.PH.L2)
- Substantia Gelatinosa (LPC.SC.PH.SG) = NA:Gelatinosus substance = BP:[gelatinosa]
- Upper Substantia Gelatinosa (LPC.SC.PH.USG, relay)
- Lower Substantia Gelatinosa (LPC.SC.PH.LSG, relay)
- Substantia Gelatinosa (LPC.SC.PH.SG) = NA:Gelatinosus substance = BP:[gelatinosa]
- Lamina III, IV (BMA.SC.PH.L34, relay)
- Proprius Nucleus (LPC.SC.PH.NP) = NA:Nucleus Proprius = NL:[proprius] = BP:[proprius dorsalis]
- Lamina V, VI (BMA.SC.PH.L56, relay)
- Clarke Nucleus (LPC.SC.PH.CL) = NA:Nucleus thoracicus = NL:[Nucleus] = BP:[nucleus of Clarke]
- Lamina I (LPC.SC.PH.L1)
- Intermediate Zone (SC.IZ)
- Lamina VII (SC.IZ.L7)
- Central Cervical Nucleus (LLC.SC.IZ.CCV, relay) = NL:[cervical nucleus] -> BrainAreaLLC
- Centrobasalis Nucleus (LPC.SC.IZ.CBS, relay) = NA:Central Nucleus = NL:[centrobasalis] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Intermediomedial Nucleus (LPC.SC.IZ.IMM, relay) = NA:Intermediomedial nucleus = BP:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC
- Intermediolateral Column (AVA.SC.IZ.IMLC) -> BrainAreaLAC
- Intermediolateral Nucleus (LAC.SC.IZ.IML, sympathetic) = NA:Intermediolateral nucleus = BP:[nucleus]
- Ciliospinal Center (LAC.SC.IZ.CSC, relay) = NA:[Center]
- Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus (LAC.SC.IZ.SPS, parasympathetic) = BP:[parasympathetic nuclei]
- Lamina VII (SC.IZ.L7)
- Anterior/Ventral Horn (SC.VH) -> BrainAreaLPC
- Lamina VIII (SC.VH.L8)
- Ventromedial Nucleus (LPC.SC.VH.VM, relay) = NA:Anteromedial Nucleus = BP:[motor nucleus of spinal cord]
- Posteromedial Nucleus (LPC.SC.VH.PM, relay) = NA:Posteromedial Nucleus
- Lamina IX (SC.VH.L9)
- Ventrolateral Nucleus (LPC.SC.VH.VL, relay) = NA:Anterolateral Nucleus = BP:[motor nucleus of spinal cord]
- Posterolateral Nucleus (LPC.SC.VH.PL, relay) = NA:Posterolateral Nucleus
- Retroposterolateral Nucleus (LPC.SC.VH.RPL, relay) = NA:Retroposterior Lateral Nucleus
- Spinal Accessory Nucleus (LPC.SC.VH.SAN, relay) = NA:Nucleus of Accessory Nerve = NL:[nucleus]
- Phrenic Nucleus (LPC.SC.VH.PHR, relay) = NA:Nucleus of Phrenic Nerve = NL:[nucleus]
- Onuf's Nucleus (LPC.SC.VH.ONF, relay) = NA:Lumbosacral Nucleus = NL:[nucleus]
- Lamina VIII (SC.VH.L8)
- Central canal (AVA.SC.CC, relay) -> BrainAreaLAC
- Lamina X (AVA.SC.CC.L10)
- Dorsal Commissural Nucleus (LAC.SC.CC.DCN) = BP:[nucleus of spinal cord]
- Lamina X (AVA.SC.CC.L10)
Peripheral Nervous System
(generated)
- Sympathetic Ganglia (PN.SYM) -> BrainAreaLAC
- Paravertebral Ganglia (VBA.PN.SYM.PA)
- Superior Cervical Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.SCG, sympathetic)
- Middle Cervical Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.MCG, sympathetic)
- Stellate Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.STG, sympathetic)
- Sympathetic Thoracic Ganglia (LAC.PN.SYM.TG, sympathetic)
- Prevertebral Ganglia (VBA.PN.SYM.PR)
- Coelic Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.CEG, sympathetic)
- Superior Mesenteric Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.SMG, sympathetic)
- Aorticorenal Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.ARG, sympathetic)
- Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.IMG, sympathetic)
- Paravertebral Ganglia (VBA.PN.SYM.PA)
- Parasympathetic Ganglia (PN.PSYM) -> BrainAreaLAC
- Submandibular Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.SXG, parasympathetic)
- Sphenopalatine Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.SPG, parasympathetic)
- Ciliary Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG, parasympathetic)
- Episcleral Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.EPG, parasympathetic)
- Otic Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.OTG, parasympathetic)
- Intralaryngeal Peripheral Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.ILG, parasympathetic)
- Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG, parasympathetic)
- Cardiac Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.CRG, parasympathetic)
- Pulmonary Peripheral Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.PUG, parasympathetic)
- Parasympathetic Gut Brain (LAC.PN.PSYM.GUT, parasympathetic)
- Myenteric Ganglion (AVA.PN.PSYM.MTG)
- Submucosal Gut Ganglion (AVA.PN.PSYM.SGG)
- Sensory Ganglia (PN.SG) -> BrainAreaLPC
- Trigeminal Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.TRG, sensory)
- Geniculate Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.GNG, sensory)
- Jugular Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.JUG, sensory)
- Petrosal Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.PET, sensory)
- Nodose Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.NOD, sensory)
- Main Olfactory Epithelium (LPC.PN.SG.MOE, sensory)
- Vomeronasal Organ (LPC.PN.SG.VNO, sensory)
- Spiral Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.SP, sensory)
- Vestibular Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.VB) = NL:[ganglion]
- Vestibular Ganglion - Semicircular Canal Neurons (LPC.PN.SG.CVB, sensory)
- Vestibular Ganglion - Utricle Neurons (LPC.PN.SG.UVB, sensory)
- Vestibular Ganglion - Saccule Neurons (LPC.PN.SG.SVB, sensory)
- Dorsal Root Ganglion (AVA.PN.SG.DRG)
- Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.UDRG, sensory)
- Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglia (AVA.PN.SG.DRG.CX)
- Upper Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglia (AVA.PN.SG.DRG.UC)
- Lower Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglia (AVA.PN.SG.DRG.LC)
- Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglia (AVA.PN.SG.DRG.CX)
- Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.LDRG, sensory)
- Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.UDRG, sensory)
Cranial Nerves
Pons relay signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum, along with nuclei that deal primarily with:
- sleep
- respiration
- swallowing
- bladder control
- hearing
- equilibrium
- taste
- eye movement
- facial expressions
- facial sensation
- posture
Cranial nerves:
- 0 - cranial nerve zero: detection of pheromones
- 1 - olfactory nerve: transmits the sense of smell
- 2 - optic nerve: transmits visual information to the brain
- 3 - oculomotor nerve: perform most eye movements
- 4 - trochlear nerve: depresses, rotates laterally - around the optic axis, and intorts the eyeball
- 5 - trigeminal nerve: receives sensation from the face and innervates the muscles of mastication
- 6 - abducens nerve: abducts the eye
- 7 - facial nerve: motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, receives the special sense of taste from anterior tongue, secretomotor innervation to the salivary glands and lacrimal gland
- 8 - vestibulocochlear nerve: senses sound, rotation and gravity, carries impulses for equilibrium
- 9 - glossopharyngeal nerve: receives taste from the posterior tongue
- 10 - vagus nerve: branchiomotor innervation to most laryngeal and all pharyngeal muscles, receives the special sense of taste from the epiglottis, controls muscles for voice and resonance and the soft palate
- 11 - accessory nerve: controls sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, overlaps with functions of the vagus
- 12 - hypoglossal nerve: motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue, swallowing and speech articulation
Diagrams
- Brodmann Areas*:
- Spinal Cord Nuclei*:
- Left and Right Brains*:
- REM Sleep*:
References
- http://brainmind.com
- http://spot.colorado.edu/~dubin/talks/brodmann/brodmann.html
- http://dc405.4shared.com/doc/rLGjFQSL/preview.html
- http://www.skiltopo.com/brodmann.htm
- http://hendrix.imm.dtu.dk/services/brededatabase/WOROI_43.html
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regions_in_the_human_brain
- http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/exchange/brains/structures
- http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_11/d_11_cr/d_11_cr_cyc/d_11_cr_cyc.html
- http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Regional_part_of_brain
- http://gillesdelatourettesyndrome.blogspot.ru/p/brain.html