OverallMindMaps
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Mind Maps
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Contents
Classical Divisions
Classical biological divisions are:
* anatomically is divided into * central nervous system (CNS) * brain * spinal cord * peripheral nervous system (PNS) - convey neural messages from sense organs and sensory receptors to CNS and from CNS to muscles and glands * cranial nerves - nerves emerging from brain * spinal nerves - nerves emerging from spinal cord * functionally is divided into * somatic nervous system * conveying and processing conscious and unconscious sensory (afferent) information, vision, pain, touch, unconscious muscle sense from head, body wall, and extremities to CNS * motor (efferent) control of voluntary (striated) muscles * autonomic (visceral) nervous system * conveying and processing sensory input from visceral organs * motor control of involuntary (smooth) and cardiac musculature, and of glands of viscera
Brain Development and Embryo Vesicles
See full process at:
* [OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM] * [THE NERVOUS SYSTEM BEGINS]
In the embryon CNS/brain is represented by 5 vesicles:
* forebrain = prosencephalon * telencephalon * diencephalon * midbrain = mesencephalon * hindbrain = rhombencephalon * metencephalon * myelencephalon
After further development vesicles are transformed to below brain structures:
* cerebrum
* telencephalon (FT=Forebrain Telencephalon) -> cerebral hemispheres
* cerebral cortex (gray matter)
* anterior cortex
* frontal lobe
* posterior cortex
* parietal lobe
* occipital lobe
* temporal lobe
* central lobe (insula),
* limbic lobe
* underlying white matter
* basal ganglia
* corpus striatum (gray matter)
* caudate nucleus
* lenticular nucleus
* putamen
* globus pallidus (pallidum)
* corpus callosum (required for left/right cooperation/coordination, not a source of intelligence)
* anterior commissure (required for left/right cooperation/coordination, not a source of intelligence)
* hippocampal formation
* amygdala
* diencephalon (FD=Forebrain Diencephalon) -> diencephalon
* epithalamus
* pineal gland (modified photoreceptor cells, day/night cycle, respond to circadian differences in sympathetic nervous system activity, critical trigger for hibernation and sexual maturation)
* habenular nuclei (pathway by which limbic structures may influence brain stem/reticular formation function)
* thalamus (dorsal thalamus)
* hypothalamus
* mamillary bodies
* hypophysis (pituitary gland)
* ventral thalamus (subthalamus)
* brainstem
* mesencephalon (MM=Midbrain Mesencephalon) -> midbrain
* metencephalon (HP=Hindbrain Pons, including cerebellum) -> pons
* myelencephalon (HM=Hindbrain Medulla) -> medulla
* cerebellum
* metencephalon (HP=Hindbrain Pons, including cerebellum) -> cerebellum
Adult Sources of Neurons:
* Subgranular Zone * Subventricular Zone = NL:[[1]]
Target
(generated)
* Human Sensors (aHumanSensors) -> BrainAreaTSA * Eye * (TARGET.TSA.EYE, unknown)* * Eye sensory data (eye-sensory) * Eye - rods and cones (eye-edge-output) * Eye - somatic receptors (eye-somatic) * Eye - visceral receptors (eye-visceral) * Eye rotation motor muscles (eye-rotation-motor) * Eye - inferior oblique muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-inferior-oblique) * Eye - inferior rectus muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-inferior-rectus) * Eye - medial rectus muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-medial-rectus) * Eye - superior rectus muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-superior-rectus) * Eye - levator palpebrae superioris muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-levator-palpebrae) * Eye - superior oblique muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-minor) * Eye - lateral rectus muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-vestibular) * Eye pupil and accomodation motor muscles (eye-pupil-motor) * Eye - ciliary muscle - sympathetic (eye-muscle-curvature-sympathetic) * Eye - ciliary muscle - parasympathetic (eye-muscle-curvature-parasympathetic) * Eye - iris sphincter muscle (eye-muscle-pupil-close) * Eye - iris dilator muscle (eye-muscle-pupil-open) * Eyelid motor muscles (eyelid-motor) * Eye - orbicularis oculi muscle:temporal (eye-muscle-close-conscious-orbital) * Eye - orbicularis oculi muscle:zygomatic (eye-muscle-close-conscious-lacrimal) * Eye - orbicularis oculi muscle:palpebrale (eye-muscle-close-involuntary-palpebrale) * Eye - superior tarsal muscle (eye-muscle-superior-tarsal) * Eye - inferior tarsal muscle (eye-muscle-inferior-tarsal) * Eye - orbitalis muscle (eye-orbitalis-muscle) * Eye glands (eye-glands) * Eye - lacrimal gland (eye-tears-gland) * Eye - lacrimal gland and conjunctiva receptors (eye-lacrimal-gland-conjunctiva-receptors) * Ear * (TARGET.TSA.EAR, unknown)* * Ear sound sensory data (ear-sensory-sound-data) * Ear - inner hair cells (ear-inner-hair-cells) * Ear - outer hair cells feedback (ear-outer-hair-cells-feedback) * Ear - somatic receptors (ear-somatic) * Ear - outer ear skin (ear-external-skin) * Ear - acoustic meatus skin (ear-acoustic-meatus-skin) * Ear - visceral receptors (ear-visceral) * Ear - timpanic cavity (ear-timpanic-cavity) * Ear vestibular sensory data (ear-sensory-vestibular-data) * Ear - semicircular canals, cristae (ear-semicircular-canals) * Ear - utricle, maculae (ear-utricle) * Ear - saccule, maculae (ear-saccule) * Ear sound sensory control (ear-sensory-control) * Ear - outer hair cells (ear-outer-hair-cells) * Ear - stapedius muscle (ear-stapedius) * Ear - tympanic membrane muscle (ear-tensor-tympani-muscle) * Ear move muscles (ear-move) * Ear - anterior auricular muscle (ear-anterior-auricular-muscle) * Ear - posterior auricular muscle (ear-posterior-auricular-muscle) * Ear - superior auricular muscle (ear-superior-auricular-muscle) * Ear - oblique muscle of auricle (ear-oblique-auricular-muscle) * Ear - temporoparietalis muscle (ear-temporoparietalis-muscle) * Nose * (TARGET.TSA.NOSE, unknown)* * Nose sensory data (nose-sensory-data) * Nose - volatile (nose-volatile) * Nose - nonvolatile (nose-nonvolatile) * Nose - proprioceptors (nose-proprioceptors) * Nose - touch receptors (nose-somatic) * Nose - visceral nodose receptors (nose-visceral-vagus) * Nose - visceral pharynx receptors (nose-visceral-pharynx) * Ear sensory control (nose-sensory-control) * Nose - nasal glands (nose-nasal-glands) * Nose move muscles (nose-muscles) * Nose - depressor septi nasi muscle (nose-depressor-septi-nasi) * Nose - levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle (nose-levator-labii-superioris-alaeque-nasi) * Nose - nasalis muscle (nose-nasalis) * Nose - salpingopharyngeus muscle (nose-salpingopharyngeus) * Human Effectors (aHumanEffectors) -> BrainAreaTEA * Heart * (TARGET.TEA.HEART, unknown)* * Heart - NE receptors of atrium muscles (heart-symp-control) * Heart - upper cardiac muscle (heart-cardiac-upper-muscle) * Heart - lower cardiac muscle, middle (heart-cardiac-lower-muscle-middle) * Heart - lower cardiac muscle, stellar (heart-cardiac-lower-muscle-stellar) * Heart - ACh receptors of atrium muscles (heart-psymp-control) * Heart - baroreceptors in aorta (heart-aorta-baroreceptors) * Heart - baroreceptors in carotid artery (heart-carotid-baroreceptors) * Heart - visceral receptors (heart-visceral) * Immunity glands and meninges * (TARGET.TEA.PROTECTOR, unknown)* * Protector sensory data (protector-sensory-data) * Protector - cranial meninges (cranial-meninges) * Protector - tentorium cerebelli dura mater visceral receptors (tentorium-cerebelli-dura-matter) * Protector tonsils (protector-tonsils) * Protector - palatine tonsil (palatine-tonsil) * Protector - lingual tonsil (lingual-tonsil) * Protector - pharyngeal tonsils (pharyngeal-tonsils) * Protector mucous glands (protector-mucous-glands) * Protector - hard palate mucous gland (hard-palate-mucosal-gland) * Protector - soft palate mucous gland (soft-palate-mucosal-gland) * Mouth feeder * (TARGET.TEA.FEEDER, unknown)* * Feeder salivatory glands (feeder-salivation) * Feeder - parotid gland (parotid-gland) * Feeder - submandibular gland (submandibular-gland) * Feeder - sublingual gland (sublingual-gland) * Feeder taste sensation (mouth-taste-sensation) * Feeder - tongue gustatory hair cell (tongue-hair-cell) * Feeder - epiglottis (epiglottis-taste-buds) * Feeder - soft palate sparse taste receptors (soft-palate-sparse-taste-receptors) * Feeder tongue muscles (tongue-muscles) * Feeder - genioglossus muscle (genioglossus-muscle) * Feeder - hyoglossus muscle (hyoglossus-muscle) * Feeder - styloglossus muscle (styloglossus-muscle) * Feeder - chondroglossus muscle (chondroglossus-muscle) * Feeder - palatoglossus muscle (palatoglossus-muscle) * Feeder - transverse muscle of tongue (transverse-tongue-muscle) * Feeder - vertical muscle of tongue (vertical-tongue-muscle) * Feeder - inferior longitudinal muscle of tongue (tongue-inferior-longitudinal-muscle) * Feeder - stylohyoid muscle (stylohyoid-muscle) * Feeder - superior longitudinal muscle of tongue (superior-longitudinal-muscle-tongue) * Feeder swallowing muscles and helper components (swallowing-muscles) * Feeder - digastric muscle, facial (digastric-muscle-facial) * Feeder - digastric muscle, trigeminal (digastric-muscle-trigeminal) * Feeder - geniohyoid muscle (geniohyoid-muscle) * Feeder - mylohyoid muscle (mylohyoid-muscle) * Feeder - inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle (inferior-pharyngeal-constrictor-muscle) * Feeder - middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle (middle-pharyngeal-constrictor-muscle) * Feeder - superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle (superior-pharyngeal-constrictor-muscle) * Feeder - uvula receptors (uvula-receptors) * Feeder - musculus uvulae muscle (uvulae-muscle) * Feeder - levator veli palatini muscle (levator-veli-palatini-muscle) * Feeder - tensor veli palatini muscle (tensor-veli-palatini-muscle) * Feeder - buccinator muscle (buccinator-muscle) * Feeder chewing muscles (chewing-muscles) * Feeder - teeth (teeth) * Feeder - masseter muscle (masticatory-masseter-muscle) * Feeder - lateral pterygoid muscle (masticatory-lateral-pterygoid-muscle) * Feeder - medial pterygoid muscle (masticatory-medial-pterygoid-muscle) * Feeder - temporal muscle (masticatory-temporal-muscle) * Feeder - proprioception receptors of masticatory muscles (masticatory-unconscious-muscle-spindles) * Mouth speaker * (TARGET.TEA.SPEAKER, unknown)* * Speaker sensory data (speaker-sensory-data) * Speaker - palatine tonsil receptors (palatine-tonsil-receptors) * Speaker phonatory muscles (speaker-phonatory-muscles) * Speaker - lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (lateral-cricoarytenoid-muscle) * Speaker - arytenoid muscle (arytenoid-muscle) * Speaker - cricothyroid muscle (cricothyroid-muscle) * Speaker - thyroarytenoid muscle (thyroarytenoid-muscle) * Speaker - oblique arytenoid muscle (oblique-arytenoid-muscle) * Speaker - posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (posterior-cricoarytenoid-muscle) * Speaker - thyroepiglottic muscle (thyroepiglottic-muscle) * Speaker - aryepiglottic muscle (aryepiglottic-muscle) * Speaker respiratory larynx muscles (speaker-respiratory-muscles) * Speaker - thyrohyoid muscle (larynx-thyrohyoid-muscle) * Speaker - omohyoid muscle (omohyoid-muscle) * Speaker - palatopharyngeus muscle (palatopharyngeus-muscle) * Speaker - sternohyoid muscle (sternohyoid-muscle) * Speaker - sternothyroid muscle (sternothyroid-muscle) * Speaker - levator muscle of thyroid gland (thyroid-gland-levator-muscle) * Face * (TARGET.TEA.FACE, unknown)* * Face sensory data (face-sensory-data) * Face - face skin (face-skin) * Face - parotid skin (face-parotid-skin) * Face scalp muscles (face-scalp-muscles) * Face - corrugator supercilii muscle (face-corrugator-supercilii-muscle) * Face - depressor supercilii muscle (face-depressor-supercilii-muscle) * Face - frontalis muscle (face-frontalis-muscle) * Face - occipitalis muscle (face-occipitalis-muscle) * Face upper lip muscles (face-upper-lip-muscles) * Face - levator labii superioris muscle (face-levator-labii-superioris-muscle) * Face - procerus muscle (face-procerus) * Face - zygomaticus minor muscle (zygomaticus-minor-muscle) * Face lower lip muscles (face-lower-lip-muscles) * Face - platysma muscle (face-platysma-muscle) * Face - depressor labii inferioris muscle (depressor-labii-inferioris-muscle) * Face - risorius muscle (risorius-muscle) * Face - mentalis muscle (mentalis-muscle) * Face - transverse muscle of the chin (transverse-chin-muscle) * Face surround and mouth corners muscles (face-surround-corner-muscles) * Face - orbicularis oris muscle (orbicularis-oris-muscle) * Face - zygomaticus major muscle, buccal (zygomaticus-major-muscle-buccal) * Face - zygomaticus major muscle, proper (zygomaticus-major-muscle-proper) * Face - levator anguli oris muscle (levator-anguli-oris-muscle) * Face - depressor anguli oris muscle (depressor-anguli-oris-muscle) * Neck * (TARGET.TEA.NECK, unknown)* * Neck sensory data (neck-sensory-data) * Neck - cutaneous receptors of low neck (neck-low-cutaneous-receptors) * Neck flexors (neck-flexors) * Neck - scalenus anterior muscle (neck-scalenus-anterior) * Neck - scalenus medius muscle (neck-scalenus-medius) * Neck - scalenus posterior muscle (neck-scalenus-posterior) * Neck - longus capitis muscle (neck-longus-capitis) * Neck - longus colli muscle (neck-longus-colli) * Neck - rectus capitis anterior muscle (neck-rectus-capitis-anterior) * Neck - rectus capitis lateralis muscle (neck-rectus-capitis-lateralis) * Neck - sternocleidomastoid muscle (neck-sternocleidomastoid) * Neck extensors (neck-extensors) * Neck - obliquus capitis inferior muscle (neck-obliquus-capitis-inferior-muscle) * Neck - obliquus capitis superior muscle (neck-obliquus-capitis-superior-muscle) * Neck - rectus capitis posterior major muscle (neck-rectus-capitis-posterior-major-muscle) * Neck - rectus capitis posterior minor muscle (neck-rectus-capitis-posterior-minor-muscle) * Neck - semispinalis capitis (neck-semispinalis-capitis) * Neck - splenius capitis muscle (neck-splenius-capitis) * Neck - splenius cervicis muscle (neck-splenius-cervicis) * Liver * (TARGET.TEA.LIVER, unknown)* * Liver sensory data (liver-sensory-data) * Liver - glucose and osmoreceptors (glucose-and-osmoreceptors) * Liver - visceral receptors (visceral-receptors) * Liver - abdominal alimentary tract glands (glands) * Stomach * (TARGET.TEA.STOMACH, unknown)* * Stomach sensory data (stomach-sensory-data) * Stomach - stomach nutrition sensor (stomach-nutrition-sensor) * Stomach gastrointestinal tract (stomach-gastrointestinal-tract) * Stomach - outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscles (stomach-wall) * Stomach - mucosal gastric glands (stomach-mucosal-gastric-glands) * Stomach - enzyme glands (stomach) * Stomach - small intestine (small-intestine) * Stomach - duodentum (duodentum) * Stomach - colon (colon) * Stomach extractors (stomach-extractors) * Stomach - spleen (spleen) * Stomach - kidney (kidney) * Lung * (TARGET.TEA.LUNG, unknown)* * Lung sensory data (lung-sensory-data) * Lung - pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (pulmonary-neuroepithelial-bodies) * Lung - pericardium and pleura receptors (pericardium-pleura-receptors) * Lung - pulmonary stretch receptors (pulmonary-stretch-receptors) * Lung visceral activity (lung-visceral-activity) * Lung - glands of trachea, lungs, and bronchi (visceral-glands) * Lung - smooth muscles of trachea and bronchial tree (smooth-muscles) * Lung breath muscles (lung-breath-muscles) * Lung - thoracic diaphragm (thoracic-diaphragm) * Lung - stylopharyngeus muscle (stylopharyngeus-muscle) * Hand * (TARGET.TEA.HAND, unknown)* * Hand somatic sensory data (hand-somatic-sensory) * Hand - hand somatic receptors (hand-somatic-receptors) * Hand shoulder (hand-shoulder) * Hand shoulder flexors (hand-shoulder-flexors) * Hand - infraspinatus muscle (infraspinatus-muscle) * Hand - supraspinatus muscle (supraspinatus-muscle) * Hand - deltoid muscle, anterior (anterior-deltoid-muscle) * Hand - coracobrachialis muscle (coracobrachialis-muscle) * Hand - levator claviculae muscle (levator-claviculae-muscle) * Hand - levator scapulae muscle, roots (levator-scapulae-muscle-roots) * Hand - levator scapulae muscle, scapular (levator-scapulae-muscle-scapular) * Hand - pectoralis major muscle (pectoralis-major-muscle) * Hand - rhomboid major muscle (rhomboid-major-muscle) * Hand - rhomboid minor muscle (rhomboid-minor-muscle) * Hand - serratus anterior muscle (serratus-anterior-muscle) * Hand - sternalis muscle (sternalis-muscle) * Hand shoulder extensors (hand-shoulder-extensors) * Hand - subscapularis muscle, lower (subscapularis-muscle-lower) * Hand - subscapularis muscle, upper (subscapularis-muscle-upper) * Hand - teres major muscle (shoulder-teres-major-muscle) * Hand - latissimus dorsi muscle (shoulder-latissimus-dorsi-muscle) * Hand - deltoid muscle, lateral and posterior (posteriolateral-deltoid-muscle) * Hand - pectoralis minor muscle (pectoralis-minor-muscle) * Hand - subclavius muscle (subclavius-muscle) * Hand - trapezius muscle (trapezius-muscle) * Hand elbow (hand-elbow) * Hand elbow flexors (hand-elbow-flexors) * Hand - biceps muscle (biceps-muscle) * Hand - brachialis muscle (brachialis-muscle) * Hand - pronator quadratus muscle (pronator-quadratus-muscle) * Hand - pronator teres muscle (pronator-teres-muscle) * Hand elbow extensors (hand-elbow-extensors) * Hand - teres minor muscle (teres-minor-muscle) * Hand - triceps brachii muscle, axillary (triceps-brachii-muscle-axillary) * Hand - triceps brachii muscle, radial (triceps-brachii-muscle-radial) * Hand - articularis cubiti muscle (articularis-cubiti-muscle) * Hand - supinator muscle (supinator-muscle) * Hand - anconeus muscle (anconeus-muscle) * Hand - brachioradialis muscle (brachioradialis-muscle) * Hand wrist (hand-wrist) * Hand wrist flexors (hand-wrist-flexors) * Hand - flexor carpi radialis muscle (flexor-carpi-radialis-muscle) * Hand - flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (flexor-carpi-ulnaris-muscle) * Hand - flexor digitorum profundus muscle, interosseous (flexor-digitorum-profundus-muscle-interosseous) * Hand - palmaris longus muscle (palmaris-longus-muscle) * Hand - palmaris brevis muscle (palmaris-brevis-muscle) * Hand wrist extensors (hand-wrist-extensors) * Hand - extensor digiti minimi muscle (extensor-digiti-minimi-muscle) * Hand - extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (extensor-carpi-radialis-brevis-muscle) * Hand - extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (extensor-carpi-radialis-longus-muscle) * Hand fingers (hand-fingers) * Hand fingers flexors (hand-fingers-flexors) * Hand - flexor pollicis longus muscle (flexor-pollicis-longus-muscle) * Hand - flexor pollicis brevis muscle, median (flexor-pollicis-brevis-muscle) * Hand - flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (flexor-digitorum-superficialis-muscle) * Hand - abductor digiti minimi muscle of hand (abductor-digiti-minimi-muscle) * Hand - abductor pollicis brevis muscle (abductor-pollicis-brevis-muscle) * Hand - adductor pollicis muscle (adductor-pollicis-muscle) * Hand - dorsal interossei muscles of the hand (dorsal-interossei-muscle-hand) * Hand - flexor digiti minimi brevis of hand (flexor-digiti-minimi-brevis-muscle-hand) * Hand - flexor digitorum profundus muscle, ulnar (flexor-digitorum-profundus-muscle-ulnar) * Hand - flexor pollicis brevis muscle, ulnar (flexor-pollicis-brevis-muscle-ulnar) * Hand - lumbricals of the hand muscles, median (lumbricals-hand-muscles-median) * Hand - lumbricals of the hand muscles, ulnar (lumbricals-hand-muscles-ulnar) * Hand - opponens digiti minimi muscle (opponens-digiti-minimi-muscles) * Hand - opponens pollicis muscle (opponens-pollicis-muscle) * Hand - palmar interossei muscles (palmar-interossei-muscles) * Hand fingers extensors (hand-fingers-extensors) * Hand - abductor pollicis longus muscle (abductor-pollicis-longus-muscle) * Hand - extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (extensor-carpi-ulnaris-muscle) * Hand - extensor digitorum muscle (extensor-digitorum-muscle) * Hand - extensor indicis muscle (extensor-indicis-muscle) * Hand - extensor pollicis brevis muscle (extensor-pollicis-brevis-muscle) * Hand - extensor pollicis longus muscle (extensor-pollicis-longus-muscle) * Leg * (TARGET.TEA.LEG, unknown)* * Leg somatic sensory data (leg-somatic-sensory) * Leg - somatic receptors (leg-somatic-receptors) * Leg thigh (leg-thigh) * Leg thigh flexors (leg-thigh-flexors) * Leg - piriformis muscle (piriformis-muscle) * Leg - adductor brevis muscle (leg-adductor-brevis-muscle) * Leg - adductor longus muscle (leg-adductor-longus-muscle) * Leg - adductor magnus muscle, obturator (leg-adductor-magnus-muscle-obturator) * Leg - adductor magnus muscle, tibial (leg-adductor-magnus-muscle-tibial) * Leg - adductor minimus muscle, obturator (leg-adductor-minimus-muscle-obturator) * Leg - adductor minimus muscle, tibial (leg-adductor-minimus-muscle-tibial) * Leg - biceps femoris muscle, tibial (leg-biceps-femoris-muscle-tibial) * Leg - gemellus inferior muscle (leg-gemellus-inferior-muscle) * Leg - gemellus superior muscle (leg-gemellus-superior-muscle) * Leg - gluteus medius muscle (leg-gluteus-medius-muscle) * Leg - gluteus minimus muscle (leg-gluteus-minimus-muscle) * Leg - gracilis muscle (leg-gracilis-muscle) * Leg - iliacus muscle (leg-iliacus-muscle) * Leg - obturator externus muscle (leg-obturator-externus-muscle) * Leg - obturator internus muscle (leg-obturator-internus-muscle) * Leg - pectineus muscle, femoral (leg-pectineus-muscle-femoral) * Leg - pectineus muscle, obturator (leg-pectineus-muscle-obturator) * Leg - psoas major muscle (leg-psoas-major-muscle) * Leg - psoas minor muscle (leg-psoas-minor-muscle) * Leg - quadratus femoris muscle (leg-quadratus-femoris-muscle) * Leg - sartorius muscle (leg-sartorius-muscle) * Leg - tensor fasciae latae muscle (leg-tensor-fasciae-latae-muscle) * Leg thigh extensors (leg-thigh-extensors) * Leg - gluteus maximus muscle (gluteus-maximus-muscle) * Leg knee (leg-knee) * Leg knee flexors (leg-knee-flexors) * Leg - gastrocnemius muscle (gastrocnemius-muscle) * Leg - popliteus muscle (popliteus-muscle) * Leg - biceps femoris muscle, peroneal (leg-biceps-femoris-muscle-peroneal) * Leg - semimembranosus muscle (leg-semimembranosus-muscle) * Leg - semitendinosus muscle (leg-semitendinosus-muscle) * Leg knee extensors (leg-knee-extensors) * Leg - articularis genu muscle (leg-articularis-genu-muscle) * Leg - obliquus genu muscle (leg-obliquus-genu-muscle) * Leg - rectus femoris muscle (leg-rectus-femoris-muscle) * Leg - vastus intermedius muscle (leg-vastus-intermedius-muscle) * Leg - vastus lateralis muscle (leg-vastus-lateralis-muscle) * Leg - vastus medialis muscle (leg-vastus-medialis-muscle) * Leg foot (leg-foot) * Leg foot flexors (leg-foot-flexors) * Leg - tibialis posterior muscle (tibialis-posterior-muscle) * Leg - abductor hallucis muscle (leg-abductor-hallucis-muscle) * Leg - plantaris muscle (plantaris-muscle) * Leg - quadratus plantae muscle (leg-quadratus-plantae-muscle) * Leg - adductor hallucis muscle (leg-adductor-hallucis-muscle) * Leg - accessory soleus muscle (leg-accessory-soleus-muscle) * Leg - fibularis brevis muscle (leg-fibularis-brevis-muscle) * Leg - fibularis longus muscle (leg-fibularis-longus-muscle) * Leg - soleus muscle (leg-soleus-muscle) * Leg foot extensors (leg-foot-extensors) * Leg - fibularis tertius muscle (fibularis-tertius-muscle) * Leg - tibialis anterior muscle (tibialis-anterior-muscle) * Leg - extensor hallucis brevis muscle (leg-extensor-hallucis-brevis-muscle) * Leg fingers (leg-fingers) * Leg fingers flexors (leg-fingers-flexors) * Leg - flexor digitorum longus muscle (flexor-longus-digitorum-muscle) * Leg - flexor hallucis longus muscle (flexor-longus-hallucis-muscle) * Leg - abductor digiti minimi muscle of foot (leg-abductor-digiti-minimi-muscle) * Leg - flexor digitorum brevis muscle (leg-flexor-digitorum-brevis-muscle) * Leg - lumbrical muscle of foot, lateral (leg-lumbrical-muscle-lateral) * Leg - lumbrical muscle of foot, medial (leg-lumbrical-muscle-medial) * Leg - flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle of foot (leg-flexor-digiti-minimi-brevis-muscle) * Leg - flexor hallucis brevis muscle (leg-flexor-hallucis-brevis-muscle) * Leg - dorsal interossei muscles of the foot (leg-dorsal-interossei-muscles) * Leg - plantar interossei muscles (leg-plantar-interossei-muscles) * Leg fingers extensors (leg-fingers-extensors) * Leg - extensor digitorum brevis muscle (extensor-digitorum-brevis-muscle) * Leg - extensor digitorum longus muscle (extensor-digitorum-longus-muscle) * Leg - extensor hallucis longus muscle (extensor-hallucis-longus-muscle) * Trunk * (TARGET.TEA.TRUNK, unknown)* * Trunk sensory data (trunk-sensory-data) * Trunk - upper somatic receptors (trunk-upper-somatic-receptors) * Trunk - lower somatic receptors (trunk-lower-somatic-receptors) * Trunk back (trunk-back) * Trunk back flexors (trunk-back-flexors) * Trunk - iliocostalis muscle (trunk-iliocostalis-muscle) * Trunk - rotatores muscles (trunk-rotatores-muscles) * Trunk - spinalis muscle (trunk-spinalis-muscle) * Trunk back extensors (trunk-back-extensors) * Trunk - semispinalis dorsi (thoracis) (trunk-semispinalis-dorsi-thoracis) * Trunk - interspinales muscles (trunk-interspinales-muscles) * Trunk - intertransversarii muscle (trunk-intertransversarii-muscle) * Trunk - levatores costarum muscles (trunk-levatores-costarum-muscles) * Trunk - longissimus muscle (trunk-longissimus-muscle) * Trunk - multifidus muscle (trunk-multifidus-muscle) * Trunk - quadratus lumborum muscle (trunk-quadratus-lumborum-muscle) * Trunk - semispinalis cervicis (trunk-semispinalis-cervicis-muscle) * Trunk chest (trunk-chest) * Trunk chest flexors (trunk-chest-flexors) * Trunk - external intercostal muscles (trunk-external-intercostal-muscles) * Trunk - serratus posterior superior muscle (trunk-serratus-posterior-superior-muscle) * Trunk chest extensors (trunk-chest-extensors) * Trunk - subcostalis muscle (trunk-subcostalis-muscle) * Trunk - transversus thoracis muscle (trunk-transversus-thoracis-muscle) * Trunk - internal intercostal muscles (trunk-internal-intercostal-muscles) * Trunk - serratus posterior inferior muscle (trunk-serratus-posterior-inferior-muscle) * Trunk abdomen (trunk-abdomen) * Trunk abdomen flexors (trunk-abdomen-flexors) * Trunk - rectus abdominis muscle (trunk-rectus-abdominis-muscle) * Trunk - abdominal internal oblique muscle (trunk-internal-oblique-muscle) * Trunk - pyramidalis muscle (trunk-pyramidalis-muscle) * Trunk - abdominal external oblique muscle (trunk-abdominal-external-oblique-muscle) * Trunk abdomen extensors (trunk-abdomen-extensors) * Trunk - transversus abdominis muscle (trunk-transversus-abdominis) * Breast * (TARGET.TEA.BREAST, unknown)* * Breast - skin receptors (breast-skin-receptors) * Breast - nipple smooth muscles (nipple-smooth-muscles) * Genitalia * (TARGET.TEA.GENITALIA, unknown)* * Genitalia - sensations (genitalia-sensory) * Genitalia - utetovaginal visceral receptors (utetovaginal-visceral-receptors) * Genitalia - visceral sexual receptors (visceral-sexual-receptors) * Genitalia - urination and support muscles (genitalia-urination) * Genitalia - bulbospongiosus muscle (bulbospongiosus-muscle) * Genitalia - pubococcygeus muscle (pubococcygeus-muscle) * Genitalia - erection muscles (genitalia-erection) * Genitalia - ischiocavernosus muscle (ischiocavernosus-muscle) * Genitalia - man erection muscles (genitalia-erection-man) * Genitalia - corpus cavernosum penis (corpus-cavernosum-penis) * Genitalia - woman erection muscles (genitalia-erection-woman) * Genitalia - uterus, sympathetic contractors (uterus-sympathetic) * Genitalia - parasympathetic uterus vasodilators (uterus-parasympathetic) * Genitalia - vagina, sympathetic vasoconstrictors (vagina-sympathetic) * Genitalia - parasympathetic vaginal vasodilators (vagina-parasympathetic) * Genitalia - corpus cavernosum clitoridis (corpus-cavernosum-clitoridis) * Genitalia - ejaculation muscles and glands, pregnancy and lifecycle support (genitalia-ejaculation) * Genitalia - man ejaculation muscles and glands (genitalia-ejaculation-man) * Genitalia - cowper gland (cowper-gland) * Genitalia - prostate gland (prostate-gland) * Genitalia - vas deferens (vas-deferens) * Genitalia - deep transverse perineal muscle, penis (deep-transverse-perineal-muscle-penis) * Genitalia - woman ejaculation muscles and glands (genitalia-ejaculation-woman) * Genitalia - bartholin gland (bartholin-gland) * Genitalia - skenes gland (skenes-gland) * Genitalia - cervix (cervix-gland) * Genitalia - deep transverse perineal muscle, clitoris (deep-transverse-perineal-muscle-clitoris) * Genitalia - scrotum muscles (genitalia-scrotum-muscles) * Genitalia - cremaster muscle (cremaster-muscle) * Genitalia - dartos muscle (dartos-muscle) * Ureter * (TARGET.TEA.URETER, unknown)* * Ureter sensory data (ureter-sensory-data) * Ureter - ureter visceral receptors (ureter-visceral-receptors) * Ureter autonomic (ureter-autonomic) * Ureter - detrusor urinae muscle, parasympathetic (detrusor-urinae-muscle-parasympathetic) * Ureter - internal sphincter muscle of urethra, parasympathetic (internal-urethral-sphincter-parasympathetic) * Ureter - detrusor urinae muscle, sympathetic (detrusor-urinae-muscle-sympathetic) * Ureter - internal sphincter muscle of urethra, sympathetic (internal-urethral-sphincter-sympathetic) * Ureter conscious (ureter-conscious) * Ureter - external sphincter muscle of female urethra (external-urethral-sphincter-female) * Ureter - external sphincter muscle of male urethra (external-urethral-sphincter-male) * Rectum * (TARGET.TEA.RECTUM, unknown)* * Rectum sensory data (rectum-sensory-data) * Rectum - large intestine visceral receptors (large-intestine-visceral-receptors) * Rectum autonomic (rectum-autonomic) * Rectum - sphincter ani internus muscle, parasympathetic (sphincter-ani-internus-muscle-parasympathetic) * Rectum - sphincter ani internus muscle, sympathetic (sphincter-ani-internus-muscle-sympathetic) * Rectum conscious flexors (rectum-conscious-flexors) * Rectum - superficial transverse perineal muscle (superficial-transverse-perineal-muscle) * Rectum - corrugator cutis ani muscle (corrugator-cutis-ani-muscle) * Rectum - sphincter ani externus muscle (sphincter-ani-externus-muscle) * Rectum conscious extensors (rectum-conscious-extensors) * Rectum - puborectalis muscle (puborectalis-muscle) * Rectum - coccygeus muscle (coccygeus-muscle) * Rectum - iliococcygeus muscle (iliococcygeus-muscle) * Blood vessels * (TARGET.TEA.VESSELS, unknown)* * Head vessels (head-vessels) * Vessels - parotid gland vasoconstrictors (parotid-gland-vasoconstrictors) * Vessels - submandibular gland vasoconstrictors (submandibular-gland-vasoconstrictors) * Vessels - sublingual gland vasoconstrictors (sublingual-gland-vasoconstrictors) * Body vessels (body-vessels) * Vessels - heart blood vessels (heart-blood-vessels) * Vessels - thorathic arterial vasoconstrictors (arterial-thoracic-vasoconstrictors) * Vessels - breast blood vessels (breast-blood-vessels) * Vessels - stomach blood vessels (stomach-blood-vessels) * Vessels - liver blood vessels (liver-blood-vessels) * Vessels - renal blood vessels (renal-blood-vessels) * Limb vessels (limb-vessels) * Vessels - wall of brachial artery smooth muscles (brachial-artery-vasoconstrictors) * Vessels - arm blood vessels (arm-blood-vessels) * Vessels - forearm blood vessels (forearm-blood-vessels) * Endocrine Glands * (TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE, unknown)* * Endocrine head (endocrine-head) * Endocrine - pineal gland * (endocrine-pineal-gland)* = NL:[body] * Endocrine neck (endocrine-neck) * Endocrine - thyroid gland (endocrine-thyroid-gland) * Endocrine - parathyroid gland (endocrine-parathyroid-gland) * Endocrine body (endocrine-body) * Endocrine - pancreas (endocrine-pancreas) * Endocrine - pancreas, sympathetic (endocrine-pancreas-adrenergic) * Endocrine - pancreas, parasympathetic (endocrine-pancreas-muscarinic) * Endocrine - adrenal gland (endocrine-adrenal-gland) * Endocrine - gonads (endocrine-gonads) * Endocrine - testicle gland (endocrine-testicle-gland) * Endocrine - ovary gland (endocrine-ovary-gland)
Brodmann Areas of Cerebral Cortex
Verified by:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area * https://sites.google.com/site/pl99323/neuroanat3/brodmanna * http://top-topics.thefullwiki.org/Brodmann_areas
Anterior Lobe
(generated)
* BA 4: Motor Cortex (NMA.NC.MC) * BA 6: Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F2), Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F7), Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F4), Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F5), Supplementary Eye Field (NMA.NC.SMC.SEF), Pre-Supplementary Motor Area (NMA.NC.SMC.F6), Supplementary Motor Area (NMA.NC.SMC.F3) * BA 8: Caudal Frontal Eye Field (NMA.NC.PMC.CFEF), Anterior Frontal Eye Field (NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF) * BA 9: Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC) * BA 10: Lateral Frontopolar Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL) * BA 11: Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC) * BA 12: Lateral Frontopolar Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL) * BA 24: Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VACG), Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VMCG) * BA 25: Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.AL.SGCG) * BA 32: Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.DACG), Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.DMCG) * BA 33: Pregenual Cingulate Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.PGCG) * BA 44,45: Broca's Area Pars Opercularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), Broca's Area Pars Triangularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PT) * BA 46: Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL) * BA 47: Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus (NDM.NC.AL.IPG)
Parietal Lobe
(generated)
* BA 1,2,3: Primary Somatosensory Cortex (NSA.NC.PG.S1) * BA 5: Somatosensory Association Cortex (NPE.NC.SPL.SA) * BA 7: Rostral Precuneus (NPE.NC.SPL.PF), Caudal Precuneus (NPE.NC.SPL.PG) * BA 23: Posterior Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG) * BA 26: Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.SGCG) * BA 29,30: Retrosplenial Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.RSC) * BA 31: Posterior Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG) * BA 39: Medial Superior Temporal Area (NPE.NC.IPL.MST), Medial Intraparietal Sulcus (NPE.NC.IPS.MIP), Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus (NPE.NC.IPS.LIP), Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus (NSA.NC.IPS.VIP), Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus (NSA.NC.IPS.AIP) * BA 40: Supramarginal Wernike Cortex (NPE.NC.IPL.SMW), Secondary Somatosensory Cortex (NSA.NC.PG.S2), Parietal Ventral Cortex (NSA.NC.PG.PV) * BA 43: Precentral Cortex (NSA.NC.PO.PCC)
Occipital Lobe
(generated)
* BA 17: Primary Visual Cortex (NSA.NC.OCC.V1) * BA 18: Secondary Visual Cortex, Thin Stripe (NSA.NC.OCC.V2TN), Secondary Visual Cortex, Thick Stripe (NSA.NC.OCC.V2TK), Secondary Visual Cortex, Pale Stripe (NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL) * BA 19: Dorsal Associative Visual Cortex (NPE.NC.OCC.V3D), Ventral Associative Visual Cortex (NPE.NC.OCC.V3V), Middle Temporal Area (NSA.NC.OCC.MT), Parietooccipital Area (NSA.NC.OCC.PO) * BA 37: Dorsal Visual Area V4 (NSA.NC.OCC.V4D), Ventral Visual Area V4 (NSA.NC.OCC.V4V)
Temporal Lobe
(generated)
* BA 13: Posterior Insular Cortex (NCP.NC.INS.PIC) * BA 14: Anterior Insular Cortex (NCP.NC.INS.AIC) * BA 15: Anterior Temporal Lobe (NCP.NC.INS.HR) * BA 16: Peripaleocortical Claustral (NCP.NC.INS.PPC) * BA 20: Inferotemporal Cortex (NSA.NC.IT.TE) * BA 21: Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area (NSA.NC.IT.TEO) * BA 22: Wernicke's area A3 (NSA.NC.STG.A3), Wernicke's area A4 (NSA.NC.STG.A4) * BA 38: Temporopolar Cortex (NCP.NC.TPC) * BA 41: Primary Auditory Cortex (NSA.NC.TTG.A1) * BA 42: Auditory Association Area (NSA.NC.TTG.A2) * BA 52: Parainsular Area (NPE.NC.STG.PAI)
Parahippocampal Lobe
(generated)
* BA 27: Presubiculum (FMM.NC.PH.PRS) * BA 28: Lateral Entorhinal Cortex (FMM.NC.PH.LEC), Medial Entorhinal Cortex (FMM.NC.PH.MEC) * BA 29,30: Postrhinal Cortex (FMM.NC.PH.POR) * BA 34: Piriform Cortex (NSA.NC.PH.PIR) * BA 35,36: Perirhinal Cortex (FMM.NC.PH.PER) * BA 48: Postsubiculum (FMM.NC.PH.POS) * BA 49: Parasubiculum (FMM.NC.PH.PAS) * BA 51: Prepyriform Cortex (NSA.NC.PH.PRP)
Nuclei List
Below nuclei list is upper part of brain hierarchy up to mapped regions. Coverage verified by:
* NL stands for !NeuroLex identification of [[2]] and [Cord] components. * [Brain Atlas Nomenclatures] * [line ontology - Brain]
Forebrain Telencephalon
(generated)
* Olfactory System (FT.OLF) -> BrainAreaLPC * Main Olfactory Bulb * (LPC.FT.MOB, sensory)* * Accessory Olfactory Bulb * (LPC.FT.AOB, sensory)* * Anterior Olfactory Nucleus * (LPC.FT.AON, processor)* = wiki:[olfactory nucleus] * Extended Amygdala (FAM.FT.EXTAM) = NA:[complex] * Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM) = NL:[[3]] -> BrainAreaFAM * Basolateral Nuclear Complex (FAM.FT.AM.BL, relay) = NL:[nuclear complex] = NL:[amygdaloid area] * Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LA) = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus] * Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus * (FAM.FT.AM.LADL)* = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus, dorsolateral part] * Ventrolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus * (FAM.FT.AM.LAVL)* = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus, ventrolateral part] * Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus * (FAM.FT.AM.LAVM)* = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus, ventromedial part] * Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.B) = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus] * Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus * (FAM.FT.AM.BP)* = NL:[part of basal amygdaloid nucleus] * Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus * (FAM.FT.AM.BM)* = NL:[part of basal amygdaloid nucleus] * Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus * (FAM.FT.AM.AB)* = NL:[basal amygdaloid nucleus] * Corticomedial Nuclear Complex (FAM.FT.AM.CTM) = NL:[nuclear complex] * Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CO) = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus] * Anterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus * (FAM.FT.AM.COA, relay)* * Posterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus * (FAM.FT.AM.COP, relay)* * Centromedial Nuclei (FAM.FT.AM.CM) * Central Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM.CEA) = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus] * Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision * (FAM.FT.AM.CEC, relay)* = NL:[central nucleus of the amygdala] * Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision * (FAM.FT.AM.CEL, relay)* = NL:[central nucleus of the amygdala] * Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus * (FAM.FT.AM.CEM, relay)* = NL:[central nucleus of the amygdala] * Medial Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM.M) = NL:[amygdala] = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus] * Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus * (FAM.FT.AM.MEA, relay)* * Medial Posteror Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus * (FAM.FT.AM.MPD, relay)* * Medial Posteror Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus * (FAM.FT.AM.MPV, relay)* * Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei * (FAM.FT.AM.ITC, relay)* = NL:[amygdaloid nuclei] * Septal Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP) = NL:[nuclear complex] -> BrainAreaFAM * Dorsal Septal Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP.DS) = NL:[septal nucleus] * Lateral Septal Group (FAM.FT.SEP.LG) = NL:[septal nuclei] * Lateral Septal Nucleus * (FAM.FT.SEP.LT, relay)* = NL:[septal nucleus] * Septohippocampal Nucleus * (FAM.FT.SEP.SH, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Medial Septal Group (FAM.FT.SEP.MG) * Medial Septal Nucleus * (FAM.FT.SEP.MED, relay)* = NL:[septal nucleus] * Diagonal Band of Broca * (FAM.FT.SEP.DBB, relay)* = NL:[of the diagonal band] * Posterior Septal Group (FAM.FT.SEP.PG) * Bed Nucleus of Anterior Commissure * (FAM.FT.SEP.BAC, relay)* = NL:[of anterior commissure] * Septofimbrial Nucleus * (FAM.FT.SEP.SF, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Triangular Septal Nucleus * (FAM.FT.SEP.TR, relay)* = NL:[septal nucleus] * Endopiriform Nucleus * (FAM.FT.EPF, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFAM * Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis * (FAM.FT.BNST, relay)* = NL:[nucleus of stria terminalis] -> BrainAreaFAM * Substantia innominata (FT.SIN, relay) -> BrainAreaLMC * Basal Nucleus of Meynert * (LMC.FT.NBM)* = NL:[nucleus] = NL:[innominata] * Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus (FAM.FT.IPAC) = NL:[nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure] * Medial Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus * (FAM.FT.IPAC.MED, relay)* -> BrainAreaFAM * Lateral Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus * (FEC.FT.IPAC.LT, relay)* -> BrainAreaFEC * Basal Ganglia (BGA.FT.BG) -> BrainAreaFEC * Striatum (BGA.FT.ST) * Ventral Striatum (BGA.FT.VST, relay) * Accumbens Nucleus (FEC.FT.ACC) = NL:[accumbens] * Nucleus Accumbens Core * (FEC.FT.ACC.CORE)* = NL:[of nucleus accumbens] * Nucleus Accumbens Shell * (FEC.FT.ACC.SH)* = NL:[of nucleus accumbens] * Ventral Putamen * (FEC.FT.PU.VT)* = NL:[putamen] * Dorsal Striatum (BGA.FT.DST) * Caudate Nucleus (BGA.FT.CN) = NL:[nucleus] * Caudate Nucleus Head * (FEC.FT.CN.HD, relay)* * Caudate Nucleus Body * (FEC.FT.CN.BD, relay)* * Caudate Nucleus Tail * (FEC.FT.CN.TL, relay)* * Dorsal Putamen (BGA.FT.DPU) = NL:[[4]] * Globus Pallidus (BGA.FT.GP) = NL:[pallidus] * Dorsal Pallidum (BGA.FT.DP) = NL:[globus pallidus] * Globus Pallidus External (BGA.FT.GPE) = NL:[pallidus external segment] * Globus Pallidus External Lateral * (FEC.FT.GPE.LT, relay)* * Globus Pallidus External Medial * (FEC.FT.GPE.MED, relay)* * Globus Pallidus External Dorsal * (FEC.FT.GPE.DS, relay)* * Globus Pallidus External Rostromedial * (FEC.FT.GPE.RM, relay)* * Globus Pallidus External Dorsolateral * (FEC.FT.GPE.DL, relay)* * Globus Pallidus Internal (BGA.FT.GPI) = NL:[pallidus internal segment] * Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral * (FEC.FT.GPI.LT, relay)* = NL:[globus pallidus] * Globus Pallidus Internal Medial * (FEC.FT.GPI.MED, relay)* = NL:[globus pallidus] * Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal * (FEC.FT.GPI.DS, relay)* * Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial * (FEC.FT.GPI.RM, relay)* * Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral * (FEC.FT.GPI.DL, relay)* * Ventral Pallidum (FEC.FT.VP) = NL:[pallidum] * Ventral Pallidum Dorsolateral * (FEC.FT.VP.DL, relay)* * Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial * (FEC.FT.VP.VM, relay)* * Substantia Nigra (BGA.FT.SN) = NL:[nigra] * Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (LMC.FT.SNC) = NL:[nigra pars compacta] * Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral * (FEC.FT.SNC.LT, relay)* = NL:[substantia nigra pars compacta] * Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial * (FEC.FT.SNC.MED, relay)* = NL:[substantia nigra pars compacta] * Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata (LMC.FT.SNR) = NL:[nigra pars reticulata] * Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral * (FEC.FT.SNR.DL, relay)* * Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Rostromedial * (FEC.FT.SNR.RM, relay)* * Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Ventrolateral * (FEC.FT.SNR.VL, relay)* * Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial * (FEC.FT.SNR.MED, relay)* * Hippocampal Formation (HBA.FT.HF) -> BrainAreaFMM * Hippocampus (HBA.FT.HC) = NL:[[5]] * Dentate Gyrus * (FMM.FT.HC.DG, processor)* = NL:[gyrus] * Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA1) = NL:[[6]] * Proximal CA1 of Hippocampus * (FMM.FT.HC.CA1P, processor)* * Middle CA1 of Hippocampus * (FMM.FT.HC.CA1M, processor)* * Distal CA1 of Hippocampus * (FMM.FT.HC.CA1D, processor)* * Dorsolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus * (FMM.FT.HC.CA2, processor)* = NL:[[7]] * Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA3) = NL:[[8]] * Proximal CA1 of Hippocampus * (FMM.FT.HC.CA3P, processor)* * Middle CA1 of Hippocampus * (FMM.FT.HC.CA3M, processor)* * Distal CA1 of Hippocampus * (FMM.FT.HC.CA3D, processor)* * Subiculum (FMM.FT.HF.SUB) = NL:[[9]] * Proximal Subiculum * (FMM.FT.HF.SUBP, processor)* = NL:[subiculum] * Middle Subiculum * (FMM.FT.HF.SUBM, processor)* * Distal Subiculum * (FMM.FT.HF.SUBD, processor)*
Forebrain Diencephalon
(generated)
* Habenula (FAM.FD.HB, relay) = NL:[[10]] -> BrainAreaFAM * Lateral Habenula (LAC.FD.LHB) = NL:[habenular nucleus] * Lateral Habenula Medial Part * (FAM.FD.LHB.MED)* * Lateral Habenula Lateral Part * (FAM.FD.LHB.LT)* * Medial Habenula * (FAM.FD.MHB)* = NL:[habenular nucleus] * Hypothalamus (HTA.FD.HT) = NL:[[11]] * Mammillary Body (FD.MB) = NL:[body] -> BrainAreaFMM * Lateral Mammillary Nucleus * (FMM.FD.MB.LMB, processor)* = NL:[mammillary nucleus] * Medial Mammillary Nucleus * (FMM.FD.MB.MMB, relay)* = NL:[mammillary nucleus] * Anterior Hypothalamus Area (HTA.FD.HT.AHT) = NL:[hypothalamus] = NL:[hypothalamic region] -> BrainAreaLAC * Chiasmatic Area (HTA.FD.HT.CHS) * Preoptic Nucleus * (LAC.FD.HT.PO, relay)* = NL:[area] * Medial Preoptic Nucleus (HTA.FD.HT.MPO) = NL:[preoptic nucleus] = NL:[preoptic nucleus] = NL:[preoptic region] * Lateral Preoptic Nucleus (HTA.FD.HT.LPO) = NL:[preoptic nucleus] * Supraoptic Nucleus * (LAC.FD.HT.SO, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Suprachiasmatic Nucleus * (LAC.FD.HT.SCN, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Retrochiasmatic Nucleus * (LAC.FD.HT.RCH, relay)* = NL:[area] * Tuberal Area (HTA.FD.HT.TUB) = NL:[cinereum] = NL:[hypothalamic region] * Paraventricular Nucleus * (LAC.FD.HT.PV, relay)* = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus] = NL:[hypothalamic region] * Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus * (LAC.FD.HT.AH, relay)* = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus] * Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus * (LAC.FD.HT.VM, relay)* = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus] * Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus * (LAC.FD.HT.AR, relay)* = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus] * Posterior Hypothalamic Area (HTA.FD.HT.POS) = NL:[hypothalamic region] -> BrainAreaLAC * Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus * (LAC.FD.HT.DM, relay)* = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus] * Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus * (LAC.FD.HT.PN, relay)* = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus] * Lateral Hypothalamic Area (HTA.FD.HT.LT) = NL:[hypothalamic area] = NL:[hypothalamic region] -> BrainAreaLAC * Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus * (LAC.FD.HT.LTN, relay)* = NL:[hypothalamic nucleus] * Lateral Tuberal Nuclei (HTA.FD.HT.LTUB) = NL:[tuberal nuclear complex] * Supramammillary Nucleus * (LAC.FD.HT.SUM, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Tuberomammillary Nucleus * (LAC.FD.HT.TBM, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Premammillary Nucleus * (LAC.FD.HT.PRM, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Retina * (LPC.FD.RT, relay)* -> BrainAreaLPC * Subthalamus Area (BGA.FD.STA) = NL:[[12]] -> BrainAreaFEC * Subthalamic Nucleus (BGA.FD.STN) = NL:[nucleus] * Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal * (FEC.FD.STN.CD, relay)* * Zona Incerta (BGA.FD.STN.ZI) = NL:[incerta] * Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal * (FEC.FD.STN.ICD, relay)* * Subthalamic Nucleus Dorsolateral * (FEC.FD.STN.DL, relay)* * Subthalamic Nucleus Lateral * (FEC.FD.STN.LT, relay)* * Subthalamic Nucleus Medial * (FEC.FD.STN.MED, relay)* * Thalamus (FD.TH) = NL:[[13]] = NL:[of the thalamus] * Lateral Geniculate Nucleus * (NSA.FD.LGN, relay)* = NL:[geniculate body] -> BrainAreaNSA * Medial Geniculate Body * (NSA.FD.TH.MGB, relay)* = NL:[geniculate body] -> BrainAreaNSA * Pulvinar (FD.PV) = NL:[[14]] * Inferior Pulvinar * (NSA.FD.TH.IPV, relay)* = NL:[pulvinar nucleus] -> BrainAreaNSA * Lateral Pulvinar * (NSA.FD.TH.LPV, relay)* = NL:[pulvinar nucleus] -> BrainAreaNSA * Medial Pulvinar * (NPE.FD.TH.MPV, relay)* = NL:[pulvinar] = NL:[pulvinar nucleus] -> BrainAreaNPE * Oral Pulvinar * (NPE.FD.TH.OPV, processor)* = NL:[pulvinar nucleus] -> BrainAreaNPE * Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus (FD.TH.AN) = NL:[nuclear group] * Anteromedial Nucleus * (NCP.FD.TH.AM, processor)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaNCP * Anteroventral Nucleus * (FMM.FD.TH.AV, processor)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFMM * Anterodorsal Nucleus * (FMM.FD.TH.AD, processor)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFMM * Intralaminar and Midline Nuclei of Thalamus (BGA.FD.TH.IML) * Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus (BGA.FD.TH.IL) = NL:[nuclear group] -> BrainAreaFEC * Rostral Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus * (FEC.FD.TH.RIL, processor)* * Caudal Intralaminar Nucleus of Thalamus (FEC.FD.TH.CIL) = NL:[intralaminar nuclei] * Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus * (FEC.FD.TH.CM, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Parafascicular Nucleus of Thalamus * (FEC.FD.TH.PF, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus (FD.TH.MTH) = NL:[nuclear group] * Dorsal Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus (FD.TH.MDT) = NL:[dorsal nucleus] * Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus * (FAM.FD.TH.PT, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFAM * Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus * (LPC.FD.TH.PV, relay)* = NL:[nucleus of thalamus] -> BrainAreaLPC * Ventral Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus (FD.TH.MVT) * Reuniens Nucleus of Thalamus * (FMM.FD.TH.RE, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFMM * Rhomboidal Nucleus of Thalamus * (FEC.FD.TH.RH, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFEC * Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus * (LLC.FD.TH.SF, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLLC * Lateral Thalamus (FD.TH.LTH) = NL:[nuclear group] = NL:[thalamus] * Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus * (FMM.FD.TH.LD, processor)* = NL:[dorsal nucleus] -> BrainAreaFMM * Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus * (NPE.FD.TH.LP, processor)* = NL:[posterior nucleus] -> BrainAreaNPE * Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (FCA.FD.TH.MD) = NL:[dorsal nucleus] = NL:[thalamus] * Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus * (NDM.FD.TH.MDM, processor)* = NL:[mediodorsal nucleus] = NL:[part of medial dorsal nucleus] -> BrainAreaNDM * Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus * (NCP.FD.TH.MDC, processor)* = NL:[part of medial dorsal nucleus] = NL:[part of medial dorsal nucleus] = -> BrainAreaNCP * Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus * (NMA.FD.TH.MDL, processor)* = NL:[part of medial dorsal nucleus] -> BrainAreaNMA * Posterior Thalamus (FD.TH.PTH) = NL:[nuclear complex] = NL:[thalamus] * Limitans Nucleus of Thalamus * (FEC.FD.TH.LI, processor)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFEC * Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus * (NSA.FD.TH.SG, processor)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaNSA * Submedial Nucleus of Thalamus * (NDM.FD.TH.SM, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaNDM * Ventral Thalamus (FD.TH.VTH) = NL:[nuclear group] = NL:[thalamic] * Ventral Anterior Nucleus * (NMA.FD.TH.VA, processor)* = NL:[anterior nucleus] -> BrainAreaNMA * Ventral Lateral Nucleus * (NMA.FD.TH.VL, relay)* = NL:[lateral nucleus] -> BrainAreaNMA * Medial Part of Ventral Lateral Nucleus (MCA.FD.TH.VLO) = NL:[part of ventral lateral nucleus] * Ventral Posterior Nucleus (SMA.FD.TH.VP) = NL:[posterior nucleus] -> BrainAreaNSA * Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus * (NSA.FD.TH.VPI, relay)* = NL:[posteroinferior nucleus] * Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus * (NSA.FD.TH.VPL, relay)* = NL:[posterolateral nucleus] * Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus * (NSA.FD.TH.VPM, relay)* = NL:[posteromedial nucleus]
Midbrain Mesencephalon
(generated)
* Perhipheral Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.PER) * Oculomotor Nucleus * (LPC.MM.OCN, relay)* = NL:[nuclear complex] -> BrainAreaLPC * Trochlear Nucleus * (LPC.MM.TRH, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC * Edinger-Westphal Nucleus * (LAC.MM.EWN, parasympathetic)* = NL:[oculomotor nucleus] -> BrainAreaLAC * Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus * (LPC.MM.MSTR, sensory)* = NL:[nucleus of trigeminal nerve] -> BrainAreaLPC (sensory neurons of masticatory muscles, the teeth, the mandibular joint, the mandible, the maxilla and the intraocular muscles; most to motor trigeminal, few - to principal trigeminal) * Mesencephalic Reticular Formation (MM.RF) * Mesencephalic Reticular Formation, Medial Column (MM.RF.MED) -> BrainAreaLLC * Cuneiform Nucleus * (LLC.MM.CNF, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Subcuneiform Nucleus * (LLC.MM.SCNF, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Mesencephalic Reticular Formation, Midline Column (MM.RF.MID) = NL:[raphe nuclei] * Superior Central Raphe Nucleus * (LMC.MM.RF.SUC, relay)* = NL:[central nucleus] -> BrainAreaLMC * Dorsal Raphe Nucleus * (LMC.MM.RP.DRN, relay)* = NL:[raphe nucleus] -> BrainAreaLMC * Raphe Interpositus Nucleus * (LRC.MM.RP.RIP, relay)* = NL:[interpositus nucleus] -> BrainAreaLRC * Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF) * Auditory Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF.AUD, relay) -> BrainAreaLPC * Inferior Colliculus (ABA.MM.IC) = NL:[colliculus] * Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus * (LPC.MM.CIC)* = NL:[nucleus of inferior colliculus] * External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus * (LRC.MM.EIC)* = NL:[nucleus of inferior colliculus] * Superior Olivary Complex * (LPC.MM.SOC)* = NL:[olivary complex] * Trapezoid Body Nucleus (ABA.MM.SOC.TZ) = NL:[nuclear complex] = NL:[body] * Visual Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF.VIS) -> BrainAreaLRC * Superior Colliculus (MM.SC) = NL:[colliculus] * Superficial Superior Colliculus * (LRC.MM.SC.SUP, relay)* = wiki:[Superior colliculus] * Stratum Zonale, Lamina I (VBA.MM.SC.SZ) = NL:[colliculus stratum zonale] * Stratum Griseum Supeficiale, Lamina II (VBA.MM.SC.SGZ) = NL:[colliculus superficial gray layer] * Stratum Opticum, Lamina III (VBA.MM.SC.SO) = NL:[colliculus stratum opticum] * Intermediate Superior Colliculus * (LRC.MM.SC.INT, relay)* = other:[colliculus] * Stratum Griseum Intermediale, Lamina IV (VBA.MM.SC.SGI) * Stratum Album Intermediale, Lamina V (VBA.MM.SC.SAI) * Deep Superior Colliculus * (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP, relay)* = wiki:[Superior colliculus] * Stratum Griseum Profundum, Lamina VI (VBA.MM.SC.SGP) * Stratum Album Profundum, Lamina VII (VBA.MM.SC.SAP) * Supraoculomotor Area (VBA.MM.SOA) = NL:[nuclear complex] * Cajal Nucleus * (LRC.MM.CJ, relay)* = NL:[nucleus of Cajal] * Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF * (LRC.MM.RIMLF, relay)* * Darkschewitsch Nucleus * (LRC.MM.DSCH, relay)* = NL:[of Darkschewitsch] * Pretectum (MM.PT) = NL:[[15]] * Anterior Pretectum Nucleus * (LRC.MM.PT.PTA, relay)* = NL:[pretectal nucleus] * Nucleus of Optic Tract * (LRC.MM.PT.NOT, relay)* = NL:[of optic tract] * Pretectal Olivary Nucleus * (LRC.MM.PT.PON, relay)* = NL:[pretectal nucleus] * Principal Pretectal Nucleus * (LRC.MM.PT.PR, relay)* = NL:[pretectal nucleus] * Sublentiform Nucleus * (LRC.MM.PT.SL, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Red Nucleus * (LLC.MM.RD, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLLC * Periaqueductal Gray Matter * (LMC.MM.PAG, relay)* = NL:[periaqueductal gray] -> BrainAreaLMC * Ventral Tegmental Area * (LMC.MM.VTA, relay)* = NL:[tegmental nucleus] = NL:[tegmental area] -> BrainAreaLMC * Raphe Nucleus Linearis (LMC.HP.RP.LI) = NL:[central nucleus]
Hindbrain Metencephalon
(generated)
* Abducens Nucleus * (LPC.HP.ABD, relay)* = NL:[abducens nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC * Barrington's Nucleus * (LAC.HP.BR, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLAC * Cerebellum (LLC.HP.CR) = Cerebellum -> BrainAreaLLC * Cerebellar Cortex (LLC.HP.CR.CTX) = NL:[cortex] * Cerebrocerebellum * (LLC.HP.CR.CC, relay)* = NL:[lobe] * Spinocerebellum * (LLC.HP.CR.SC, relay)* = NL:[lobe] * Vestibulocerebellum * (LLC.HP.CR.VC, relay)* = NL:[lobe] * Deep Cerebellar Nuclei (LLC.HP.CR.DCN) * Dentate Nucleus * (LLC.HP.CR.DN, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Interposed Nucleus (LLC.HP.CR.IP) * Emboliform Nucleus * (LLC.HP.CR.EN, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Globose Nucleus * (LLC.HP.CR.GN, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Fastigual Nucleus * (LLC.HP.CR.FN, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Facial Motor Nucleus * (LPC.HP.FCM, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC * Incertus Nucleus * (FAM.HP.NI, relay)* = NL:[incertus] -> BrainAreaFAM * Pontine Tegmental Nuclei (HP.TG) * Ventral Tegmental Nucleus * (LMC.HP.TG.VTG, relay)* = NL:[tegmental nucleus] -> BrainAreaLMC * Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus * (LMC.HP.TG.DTG, relay)* = NL:[tegmental nucleus] -> BrainAreaLMC * Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus * (LMC.HP.TG.LDT, relay)* = NL:[tegmental nucleus] -> BrainAreaLMC * Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei (LLC.HP.PPN) = NL:[tegmental nucleus] -> BrainAreaFAM * Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus * (FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG, relay)* = NL:[linear nucleus] * Interpeduncular Nucleus * (FAM.HP.PPN.IPD, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] * Pontine Reticular Formation (HP.RF) = NL:[reticular formation] * Pontine Reticular Formation, Midline Column (HP.RF.MID, relay) -> BrainAreaLMC * Raphe Nuclei of Pons (FBA.HP.RP) (Paramedian Reticular Nucleus) * Pontine Raphe Nucleus * (LMC.HP.RP.PRN)* = NL:[raphe nucleus] * Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column (HP.RF.MED) = NL:[pontine reticular formation] * Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (HP.PRF.PPRF) -> BrainAreaLRC * Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus * (LRC.HP.PRF.RPO, relay)* = NL:[pontine reticular nucleus] * Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus * (LRC.HP.PRF.CRF, relay)* = NL:[pontine reticular nucleus] * Locus Coeruleus * (LMC.HP.LC, relay)* = NL:[ceruleus] -> BrainAreaLMC * Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus * (LRC.HP.PRF.PVR, relay)* -> BrainAreaLRC * Pontine Reticular Formation, Lateral Column (HP.RF.LAT) * Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus * (LLC.HP.PRF.PDT, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLLC * Parabrachial Nucleus * (LPC.HP.PB, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC * Pontine Nuclear Complex (MBA.HP.PN) = NL:[nuclear complex] * Pontobulbar Body * (LLC.HP.PN.PBB, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLLC * Rostral Pontine Nucleus * (LLC.HP.PN.RP, relay)* = NL:[pontine nuclei] -> BrainAreaLLC * Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus * (LRC.HP.PN.KFN, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLRC * Nuclei of Lateral Lemniscus * (LPC.HP.PN.LL, relay)* = NL:[of the lateral lemniscus] -> BrainAreaLPC * Nucleus Subceruleus * (LRC.HP.PN.SC, relay)* = NL:[subceruleus] -> BrainAreaLRC * Trigeminal Nucleus of Pons (HMA.HP.PTP) -> BrainAreaLPC * Principal Trigeminal Nucleus * (LPC.HP.PTP.PTR, relay)* = NL:[sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve] * Trigeminal Motor Nucleus * (LPC.HP.PTP.TRM, relay)* = NL:[root of trigeminal nerve] * Vestibular Nucleus (LPC.HP.VBN) = NL:[nuclear complex] -> BrainAreaLPC * Inferior Vestibular Nuclei * (LPC.HP.IVBN, relay)* = NL:[vestibular nucleus] * Lateral Vestibular Nuclei * (LPC.HP.LVBN, relay)* = NL:[vestibular nucleus] * Medial Vestibular Nucleus * (LPC.HP.MVBN, relay)* = NL:[vestibular nucleus] * Superior Vestibular Nuclei * (LPC.HP.SVBN, relay)* = NL:[vestibular nucleus]
Hindbrain Myelencephalon
(generated)
* Accessory Cuneate Nucleus * (LPC.HM.ACU, relay)* = NL:[cuneate nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC * Expiratory Center (HMA.HM.RC) * Ambiguus Nucleus * (LPC.HM.AMB, relay)* = NL:[ambiguus] -> BrainAreaLPC * Retroambigualis Nucleus * (LRC.HM.RA, relay)* = NL:[retroambigualis] -> BrainAreaLRC * Arcuate Nucleus of Medulla * (LLC.HM.ARC, relay)* = NL:[nucleus of medulla] -> BrainAreaLLC * Cochlear Nucleus (ABA.HM.COCH) = NL:[nuclear complex] -> BrainAreaLPC * Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus * (LPC.HM.DCOCH, relay)* = NL:[cochlear nucleus] * Ventral Cochlear Nucleus * (LPC.HM.VCOCH, relay)* = NL:[cochlear nucleus] * Cuneate Nucleus * (LPC.HM.CU, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC * Gracile Nucleus * (LPC.HM.GR, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC * Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus * (LPC.HM.HYG, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC * Inferior Olivary Nucleus * (LLC.HM.IO, relay)* = NL:[olivary complex] -> BrainAreaLLC * Intercalated Nucleus of Medulla * (LRC.HM.INM, relay)* = NL:[intercalatus] -> BrainAreaLRC * Medullary Reticular Formation (HM.RF) = NL:[reticular formation] * Medullary Reticular Formation, Midline Column (HM.RF.MID) -> BrainAreaLMC * Raphe Nuclei of Medulla (LMC.HM.RP) = NL:[raphe nuclear complex] * Raphe Pallidus Nucleus * (LMC.HM.RP.PL, relay)* = NL:[raphe pallidus] * Raphe Obscurus Nucleus * (LMC.HM.RP.OB, relay)* = NL:[raphe obscurus] * Raphe Magnus Nucleus * (LMC.HM.RP.MG, relay)* = NL:[raphe magnus] * Medullary Reticular Formation, Medial Column (HM.RF.MED) -> BrainAreaLRC * Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus * (LRC.HM.RF.MED, relay)* * Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus * (LRC.HP.PRF.GCR, relay)* = NL:[paragigantocellular nucleus] * Medullary Reticular Formation, Lateral Column (HM.RF.LAT) -> BrainAreaLLC * Lateral Reticular Nucleus (LLC.HM.RF.LAT) = NL:[reticular nucleus] * Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Parvocellular * (LLC.HM.RF.PLRN, relay)* * Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Magnocellular * (LLC.HM.RF.MLRN, relay)* * Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Subtrigeminal * (LLC.HM.RF.SLRN, relay)* * Prepositus Nucleus * (LRC.HM.NPH, relay)* = NL:[prepositus] -> BrainAreaLRC * Salivatory Nucleus (AVA.HM.SAL) -> BrainAreaLAC * Inferior Salivatory Nucleus * (LAC.HM.SAL.ISL, parasympathetic)* = NL:[salivatory nucleus] * Superior Salivatory Nucleus * (LAC.HM.SAL.SSL, parasympathetic)* = NL:[salivatory nucleus] * Solitary Nucleus * (LPC.HM.SOL, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC * Trigeminal Nucleus (HMA.HM.TGM) * Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus * (LPC.HM.TGM.STR, relay)* = NL:[trigeminal nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC * Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus (HMA.HM.TGM.CSTR) = NL:[part of spinal trigeminal nucleus] * Paratrigeminal Nucleus * (LRC.HM.TGM.PA5, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLRC * Peritrigeminal Nucleus * (LAC.HM.TGM.PE5, relay)* = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLAC * Vagus Nucleus * (LAC.HM.VGN, parasympathetic)* = NL:[motor nucleus of vagus nerve] -> BrainAreaLAC
Spinal Cord
(generated)
* Lateral Horn/Funiculus (BMA.SC.LH) * Lateral Cervical Nucleus * (LPC.SC.LH.LCV, relay)* = NL:[cervical nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC * Lateral Spinal Nucleus * (LAC.SC.LH.LSN, relay)* = NL:[spinal nucleus] -> BrainAreaLAC * Posterior/Dorsal Horn (BMA.SC.PH) -> BrainAreaLPC * Lamina I (LPC.SC.PH.L1) * Marginal Nucleus (LPC.SC.PH.MG) = NA:Marginal Nucleus = BP:[nucleus] * Upper Marginal Nucleus * (LPC.SC.PH.UMG, relay)* * Lower Marginal Nucleus * (LPC.SC.PH.LMG, relay)* * Lamina II (LPC.SC.PH.L2) * Substantia Gelatinosa (LPC.SC.PH.SG) = NA:Gelatinosus substance = BP:[gelatinosa] * Upper Substantia Gelatinosa * (LPC.SC.PH.USG, relay)* * Lower Substantia Gelatinosa * (LPC.SC.PH.LSG, relay)* * Lamina III, IV (BMA.SC.PH.L34, relay) * Proprius Nucleus * (LPC.SC.PH.NP)* = NA:Nucleus Proprius = NL:[proprius] = BP:[proprius dorsalis] * Lamina V, VI (BMA.SC.PH.L56, relay) * Clarke Nucleus * (LPC.SC.PH.CL)* = NA:Nucleus thoracicus = NL:[Nucleus] = BP:[nucleus of Clarke] * Intermediate Zone (SC.IZ) * Lamina VII (SC.IZ.L7) * Central Cervical Nucleus * (LLC.SC.IZ.CCV, relay)* = NL:[cervical nucleus] -> BrainAreaLLC * Centrobasalis Nucleus * (LPC.SC.IZ.CBS, relay)* = NA:Central Nucleus = NL:[centrobasalis] -> BrainAreaLPC * Intermediomedial Nucleus * (LPC.SC.IZ.IMM, relay)* = NA:Intermediomedial nucleus = BP:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC * Intermediolateral Column (AVA.SC.IZ.IMLC) -> BrainAreaLAC * Intermediolateral Nucleus * (LAC.SC.IZ.IML, sympathetic)* = NA:Intermediolateral nucleus = BP:[nucleus] * Ciliospinal Center * (LAC.SC.IZ.CSC, relay)* = NA:[Center] * Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus * (LAC.SC.IZ.SPS, parasympathetic)* = BP:[parasympathetic nuclei] * Anterior/Ventral Horn (SC.VH) -> BrainAreaLPC * Lamina VIII (SC.VH.L8) * Ventromedial Nucleus * (LPC.SC.VH.VM, relay)* = NA:Anteromedial Nucleus = BP:[motor nucleus of spinal cord] * Posteromedial Nucleus * (LPC.SC.VH.PM, relay)* = NA:Posteromedial Nucleus * Lamina IX (SC.VH.L9) * Ventrolateral Nucleus * (LPC.SC.VH.VL, relay)* = NA:Anterolateral Nucleus = BP:[motor nucleus of spinal cord] * Posterolateral Nucleus * (LPC.SC.VH.PL, relay)* = NA:Posterolateral Nucleus * Retroposterolateral Nucleus * (LPC.SC.VH.RPL, relay)* = NA:Retroposterior Lateral Nucleus * Spinal Accessory Nucleus * (LPC.SC.VH.SAN, relay)* = NA:Nucleus of Accessory Nerve = NL:[nucleus] * Phrenic Nucleus * (LPC.SC.VH.PHR, relay)* = NA:Nucleus of Phrenic Nerve = NL:[nucleus] * Onuf's Nucleus * (LPC.SC.VH.ONF, relay)* = NA:Lumbosacral Nucleus = NL:[nucleus] * Central canal (AVA.SC.CC, relay) -> BrainAreaLAC * Lamina X (AVA.SC.CC.L10) * Dorsal Commissural Nucleus * (LAC.SC.CC.DCN)* = BP:[nucleus of spinal cord]
Peripheral Nervous System
(generated)
* Sympathetic Ganglia (PN.SYM) -> BrainAreaLAC * Paravertebral Ganglia (VBA.PN.SYM.PA) * Superior Cervical Ganglion * (LAC.PN.SYM.SCG, sympathetic)* * Middle Cervical Ganglion * (LAC.PN.SYM.MCG, sympathetic)* * Stellate Ganglion * (LAC.PN.SYM.STG, sympathetic)* * Sympathetic Thoracic Ganglia * (LAC.PN.SYM.TG, sympathetic)* * Prevertebral Ganglia (VBA.PN.SYM.PR) * Coelic Ganglion * (LAC.PN.SYM.CEG, sympathetic)* * Superior Mesenteric Ganglion * (LAC.PN.SYM.SMG, sympathetic)* * Aorticorenal Ganglion * (LAC.PN.SYM.ARG, sympathetic)* * Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion * (LAC.PN.SYM.IMG, sympathetic)* * Parasympathetic Ganglia (PN.PSYM) -> BrainAreaLAC * Submandibular Ganglion * (LAC.PN.PSYM.SXG, parasympathetic)* * Sphenopalatine Ganglion * (LAC.PN.PSYM.SPG, parasympathetic)* * Ciliary Ganglion * (LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG, parasympathetic)* * Episcleral Ganglion * (LAC.PN.PSYM.EPG, parasympathetic)* * Otic Ganglion * (LAC.PN.PSYM.OTG, parasympathetic)* * Intralaryngeal Peripheral Ganglion * (LAC.PN.PSYM.ILG, parasympathetic)* * Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion * (LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG, parasympathetic)* * Cardiac Ganglion * (LAC.PN.PSYM.CRG, parasympathetic)* * Pulmonary Peripheral Ganglion * (LAC.PN.PSYM.PUG, parasympathetic)* * Parasympathetic Gut Brain * (LAC.PN.PSYM.GUT, parasympathetic)* * Myenteric Ganglion (AVA.PN.PSYM.MTG) * Submucosal Gut Ganglion (AVA.PN.PSYM.SGG) * Sensory Ganglia (PN.SG) -> BrainAreaLPC * Trigeminal Ganglion * (LPC.PN.SG.TRG, sensory)* * Geniculate Ganglion * (LPC.PN.SG.GNG, sensory)* * Jugular Ganglion * (LPC.PN.SG.JUG, sensory)* * Petrosal Ganglion * (LPC.PN.SG.PET, sensory)* * Nodose Ganglion * (LPC.PN.SG.NOD, sensory)* * Main Olfactory Epithelium * (LPC.PN.SG.MOE, sensory)* * Vomeronasal Organ * (LPC.PN.SG.VNO, sensory)* * Spiral Ganglion * (LPC.PN.SG.SP, sensory)* * Vestibular Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.VB) = NL:[ganglion] * Vestibular Ganglion - Semicircular Canal Neurons * (LPC.PN.SG.CVB, sensory)* * Vestibular Ganglion - Utricle Neurons * (LPC.PN.SG.UVB, sensory)* * Vestibular Ganglion - Saccule Neurons * (LPC.PN.SG.SVB, sensory)* * Dorsal Root Ganglion (AVA.PN.SG.DRG) * Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion * (LPC.PN.SG.UDRG, sensory)* * Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglia (AVA.PN.SG.DRG.CX) * Upper Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglia (AVA.PN.SG.DRG.UC) * Lower Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglia (AVA.PN.SG.DRG.LC) * Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion * (LPC.PN.SG.LDRG, sensory)*
Cranial Nerves
Pons relay signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum, along with nuclei that deal primarily with:
* sleep * respiration * swallowing * bladder control * hearing * equilibrium * taste * eye movement * facial expressions * facial sensation * posture
Cranial nerves:
* 0 - cranial nerve zero: detection of pheromones * 1 - olfactory nerve: transmits the sense of smell * 2 - optic nerve: transmits visual information to the brain * 3 - oculomotor nerve: perform most eye movements * 4 - trochlear nerve: depresses, rotates laterally - around the optic axis, and intorts the eyeball * 5 - trigeminal nerve: receives sensation from the face and innervates the muscles of mastication * 6 - abducens nerve: abducts the eye * 7 - facial nerve: motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, receives the special sense of taste from anterior tongue, secretomotor innervation to the salivary glands and lacrimal gland * 8 - vestibulocochlear nerve: senses sound, rotation and gravity, carries impulses for equilibrium * 9 - glossopharyngeal nerve: receives taste from the posterior tongue * 10 - vagus nerve: branchiomotor innervation to most laryngeal and all pharyngeal muscles, receives the special sense of taste from the epiglottis, controls muscles for voice and resonance and the soft palate * 11 - accessory nerve: controls sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, overlaps with functions of the vagus * 12 - hypoglossal nerve: motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue, swallowing and speech articulation
Diagrams
Brodmann Areas:
Spinal Cord Nuclei:
Left and Right Brains:
REM Sleep:
References
* http://brainmind.com * http://spot.colorado.edu/~dubin/talks/brodmann/brodmann.html * http://dc405.4shared.com/doc/rLGjFQSL/preview.html * http://www.skiltopo.com/brodmann.htm * http://hendrix.imm.dtu.dk/services/brededatabase/WOROI_43.html * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regions_in_the_human_brain * http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/exchange/brains/structures * http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_11/d_11_cr/d_11_cr_cyc/d_11_cr_cyc.html * http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Regional_part_of_brain * http://gillesdelatourettesyndrome.blogspot.ru/p/brain.html
